A topic sentence is usually the first sentence of a paragraph. In IELTS Writing Task 2, the topic sentence introduces the main idea of your paragraph. It tells the reader what the paragraph will discuss. A clear topic sentence helps the examiner understand your point and makes your essay easier to follow.
Example:
“Many people believe that technology has improved communication.”
This sentence introduces the idea that the paragraph will discuss the impact of technology on communication.
Background information provides context for your essay. It helps the reader understand the topic before you present your main ideas or arguments. In IELTS Writing Task 2, background information is usually given in the introduction, after you paraphrase the question and before you state your thesis.
Example:
“In recent years, advances in technology have transformed the way people interact with each other.”
This sentence gives the reader some context about the topic: technological advances and communication.
A strong introduction in IELTS Writing Task 2 typically has three parts:
Example IELTS Task 2 Question:
“Some people think that governments should invest more money in teaching science than other subjects to make progress. To what extent do you agree or disagree?”
Sample Introduction:
Here are some useful phrases and vocabulary for introducing topics and giving background information in IELTS Writing Task 2:
Example Sentences:
Example Sentences:
Before you write, read the question carefully. Identify the main topic and keywords. Decide what the essay is asking you to do (discuss, agree/disagree, give your opinion, etc.).
Example Question:
“Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.”
Main Topic: Who should teach children to be good members of society—parents or schools?
Use your own words to rewrite the question. This shows the examiner your vocabulary range and helps avoid repetition.
Original:
“Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this.”
Paraphrased:
“It is argued by some that the responsibility of teaching children to be responsible citizens lies with parents, whereas others contend that this duty should be fulfilled by educational institutions.”
Give some context about the topic. Why is this issue important? Is it a recent development? Is there a debate?
Sample Background:
“In today’s rapidly changing world, the upbringing and education of children have become more complex, leading to differing opinions about where moral and social values should be taught.”
Clearly state your main opinion or what your essay will discuss.
Sample Thesis:
“This essay will examine both perspectives before presenting my own view that both parents and schools play an essential role in this process.”
Full Sample Introduction:
“It is argued by some that the responsibility of teaching children to be responsible citizens lies with parents, whereas others contend that this duty should be fulfilled by educational institutions. In today’s rapidly changing world, the upbringing and education of children have become more complex, leading to differing opinions about where moral and social values should be taught. This essay will examine both perspectives before presenting my own view that both parents and schools play an essential role in this process.”
| Word/Phrase | Meaning | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| Nowadays | At the present time | Nowadays, people use smartphones for almost everything. |
| In recent years | During the last few years | In recent years, air pollution has become worse. |
| Over the past few decades | During the last ten, twenty, etc., years | Over the past few decades, obesity rates have risen. |
| Recently | Not long ago | Recently, there has been a rise in online shopping. |
| These days | Currently | These days, many people work from home. |
| Word/Phrase | Meaning | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| It is often said that | People frequently say | It is often said that health is wealth. |
| Many people believe that | A lot of people think | Many people believe that education is the most important factor in success. |
| There is a growing debate about | More people are discussing | There is a growing debate about the impact of social media. |
| It is widely argued that | Many people argue | It is widely argued that climate change is the biggest threat. |
| Some people claim that | Some people say | Some people claim that money cannot buy happiness. |
| Word/Phrase | Meaning | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| With the development of | As something develops | With the development of the internet, information is easy to access. |
| As a result of | Because of | As a result of globalization, many cultures are blending. |
| Due to the increasing | Because something is rising | Due to the increasing cost of living, many people struggle to save money. |
| Considering the importance of | Thinking about how important | Considering the importance of exercise, schools should promote sports. |
| Amid growing concerns about | While worries about something increase | Amid growing concerns about privacy, data protection is crucial. |
Paraphrasing the task question in your introduction shows the examiner that you can use a range of vocabulary and grammar. It also helps avoid repeating the exact words from the question, which may limit your score.
Example Question:
“Some people believe that university education should be free for everyone.”
Paraphrased Examples:
Instructions: Paraphrase the following sentence in two different ways:
“Many people think that children should start learning a foreign language at primary school.”
Possible Answers:
Background information helps the reader understand why the topic is important, current, or controversial. It sets the stage for your argument and connects your essay to real-world issues.
Instructions: Write a background sentence for the following topic:
“The use of mobile phones in schools.”
Possible Answers:
Why it’s a problem:
Copying the question word-for-word does not show your ability to use your own language. It may lower your score for vocabulary and grammar.
How to fix:
Always paraphrase the question using synonyms and different structures.
Why it’s a problem:
The introduction should be brief. Save your main points and supporting details for the body paragraphs.
How to fix:
Only introduce the topic, give background, and state your thesis. Do not start arguing or giving examples yet.
Why it’s a problem:
If your introduction is too general, it may not relate directly to the question.
How to fix:
Make sure your background information and thesis are clearly connected to the essay topic.
Task:
“Some people believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of high school programmes. To what extent do you agree or disagree?”
Model Introduction:
“In recent years, there has been increasing discussion about the role of community service in education. While some argue that voluntary work should be a mandatory component of secondary school curricula, others believe it should remain optional. This essay will examine both sides before presenting my opinion.”
Analysis:
Task:
“Some people think that the best way to reduce crime is to give longer prison sentences. Others, however, believe there are better alternatives.”
Model Introduction:
“Crime reduction is a major concern for governments worldwide. Although some advocate for harsher punishments as a deterrent, others suggest that alternative measures may be more effective. This essay will discuss both approaches and offer a personal viewpoint.”
Analysis:
Instructions: Paraphrase the following sentences.
Sample Answers:
Instructions: Write a background sentence for each topic.
Sample Answers:
Instructions: Complete the following introduction by adding a background sentence.
Prompt:
“Some people believe that children should not be given homework by their teachers, whereas others argue that homework plays an important role in education.”
Partial Introduction:
“It is often debated whether assigning homework to students is beneficial or not. __________. This essay will discuss both views and present a personal opinion.”
Possible Background Sentences:
A strong introduction not only introduces the topic and gives background but also smoothly leads to the thesis statement. This makes your essay easier to read and shows logical progression.
Example:
“With the increasing use of technology in classrooms, some people question whether traditional teaching methods are still effective. As a result, there is debate about the best way to educate students in the modern era.”
Use this checklist to review your introductions:
| Function | Useful Phrases |
|---|---|
| Starting the introduction | Nowadays, In recent years, These days, Recently, It is often said that |
| Giving background | With the development of…, Over the past few decades…, As a result of… |
| Stating the issue | There is a growing debate about…, Many people believe that…, Some people claim that… |
| Leading to thesis | Given this situation…, As a result…, Therefore…, Consequently… |
| Stating thesis | This essay will discuss…, I believe that…, This essay will examine… |
Topic 1:
“Some people think that children should learn to play musical instruments.”
Sample Introduction:
“In recent years, there has been growing interest in the role of music education for young people. While some argue that learning to play an instrument is essential for children’s development, others believe it should not be compulsory. This essay will discuss both perspectives before giving a personal opinion.”
Topic 2:
“More and more people are choosing to eat healthy food rather than junk food.”
Sample Introduction:
“These days, an increasing number of individuals are opting for nutritious diets over fast food. As public awareness of health risks rises, dietary habits are changing in many societies. This essay will explore the reasons behind this trend and its potential effects.”
Topic 3:
“Some people think that the government should provide free healthcare.”
Sample Introduction:
“Healthcare provision is a topic of ongoing debate in many countries. With the rising cost of medical treatment, some advocate for government-funded healthcare, while others question its feasibility. This essay will examine the arguments for and against free healthcare.”
Mastering the art of introducing topics and giving background information is a crucial first step in writing high-scoring IELTS essays. By learning and practicing a variety of useful phrases, paraphrasing techniques, and background structures, you will be able to write clear, engaging, and effective introductions that set the tone for the rest of your essay.
Remember, your introduction does not need to be long or complicated. Focus on clarity, relevance, and variety in your language. With regular practice, you will gain the confidence and skills needed to impress the examiner from the very first sentence.