Phrasal Verbs — Step-by-Step (B2)
Meaning, grammar (separable? object?), natural examples with short explanations, and quick micro-practice. All sections stack in a single column for perfect mobile reading.
bring up — start discussing a subject
Core idea: raise a topic from “below the surface” into the conversation.
Examples + explanations
- She brought up the budget at the end of the meeting. Topic “budget” becomes the focus.
- If you’re worried, bring it up with your manager. Pronoun goes in the middle (separable rule).
- Nobody wanted to bring up politics at dinner. Avoiding a sensitive subject.
- I didn’t want to bring this up, but it’s important. Hesitation + necessity.
- Thanks for bringing it up; we almost forgot deadlines. Gerund form to comment on the action.
come on — start to be broadcast / start operating
Core idea: a show “appears” on TV/radio; a device turns on.
Examples + explanations
- The news comes on at six. Present simple for fixed schedules.
- The heater came on automatically at night. Device activates by itself.
- Your show is coming on—hurry! Immediate/near future.
- When the lights come on, please take your seats. Time clause with when.
- An ad came on right after the goal. Sequence marker: right after.
come out — be published / be released / become known
Core idea: information or a product “emerges” into public view.
Examples + explanations
- Her debut novel comes out in March. Scheduled future → present simple.
- The report came out yesterday and shocked everyone. Past event + reaction.
- It has finally come out that the test was flawed. Present perfect for recent revelation.
- A special edition will come out before the festival. Future with will.
- When the sun came out, the streets filled with people. Weather sense: appears from clouds.
fill in — add information in spaces on a document
Core idea: put text into empty boxes/lines.
Examples + explanations
- Please fill in the online application by Friday. Deadline with by.
- I filled it in wrong and had to start again. Pronoun placement in the middle.
- Could you fill in your date of birth here? Polite request with could.
- Applicants must fill in all required fields. Semi-formal instruction.
- She filled in the blanks using the text above. Method with using.
flick through — turn and look at pages quickly
Core idea: move pages lightly with your thumb and glance briefly.
Examples + explanations
- He flicked through the catalogue before the meeting. Quick preview.
- I like flicking through cookbooks on Sundays. Gerund for a habit.
- She flicked through her notes to find the date. Purpose with to.
- We just flicked through the report on the train. Adverb just shows it was brief.
- Flick through chapter one and note the headings. Imperative instruction.
go into — deal with something in detail
Core idea: “enter” a topic deeply.
Examples + explanations
- The article doesn’t go into the causes of inflation. Negative statement about depth.
- We can go into your proposal after lunch. Future plan with can.
- She went into great detail about the timeline. Common collocation.
- I won’t go into it now; we’re short of time. Pronoun object + time pressure.
- The documentary goes into how the system was built. how-clause as object.
hand out — give things to people in a group
Core idea: distribute item by item.
Examples + explanations
- Could you hand these out while I set up? Pronoun/demonstrative in the middle.
- Volunteers handed out water at the finish line. Past event; location phrase.
- We’ll hand out the results at the end. Future arrangement.
- Please hand them out face-down. Classroom instruction + adverbial.
- Samples were handed out to everyone waiting. Passive voice to focus on samples.
look up — try to find information (book/list/online)
Core idea: search for a specific fact in a reference source.
Examples + explanations
- If you don’t know the collocation, look it up. Zero conditional rule for study.
- I looked up your flight on the airline’s site. Source with on.
- She’s looking up hotel reviews right now. Present continuous (now).
- We can look up the case law in the database. Modal + source.
- I had to look the term up three times before it stuck. Pronoun/short object forces middle position.
make out — pretend/claim; see/hear/understand with difficulty
Core ideas: (a) present something as true; (b) manage to perceive something unclear.
Examples + explanations
- He made himself out to be an expert. Structure: make sb out to be + noun.
- She makes it out that the delay wasn’t her fault. Habitual claiming.
- I couldn’t make out the road sign in the fog. Perception with difficulty.
- Speak up—I can’t make out what you’re saying. Object clause as the thing perceived.
- They’re making the situation out to be worse than it is. Continuous portrayal (meaning a).
make up — invent; reconcile; constitute
Core ideas: create from imagination; become friends again; form a part/percentage.
Examples + explanations
- The child made up an excuse for being late. Invented reason.
- I didn’t know the answer, so I made it up. Pronoun in the middle (rule).
- Let’s make up and move on. Reconcile after an argument.
- Volunteers make up half of our staff. Constitute 50%.
- She made up a poem for the ceremony. Create/compose.
put forward — suggest / propose
Core idea: push an idea into the shared discussion space.
Examples + explanations
- Several solutions were put forward during the workshop. Passive, formal tone.
- She put my name forward for the committee. Nomination of a person.
- They put forward a plan to cut costs by 10%. Noun + to-infinitive for purpose.
- I’d like to put forward three points. Polite meeting language.
- The theory put forward by Dr. Lee has strong evidence. Reduced relative clause.
see through — recognise that something is not true and not be tricked
Core idea: your vision passes through the trick and reaches the truth.
Examples + explanations
- Most customers saw through the marketing hype. Recognised exaggeration.
- I could see through his excuses immediately. Past ability + adverb.
- She sees through flattery and focuses on results. Habitual present.
- They saw through the scam before paying. Prevented being tricked.
- Kids often see through fake apologies. General truth.
stand out — be easy to see because of being different/better
Core idea: a person/thing “sticks above” the crowd.
Examples + explanations
- Her portfolio stands out for its clean design. Quality specified with for.
- That color really stands out against white walls. Background contrast with against.
- He stood out in the interview with clear examples. Reason introduced by with.
- Only two proposals stand out to me. Speaker viewpoint.
- To stand out online, you need a consistent voice. Infinitive clause giving advice.
turn over — flip so the other side faces up; change to a new page
Core idea: rotate something to its reverse side (papers, photos, food; also intransitive for accidents).
Examples + explanations
- Please turn over and answer section B. Test instruction; paper face-up.
- He turned the steak over after two minutes. Cooking context.
- Turn the page over to see the diagram. Purpose with to.
- The canoe turned over in the rapids. Intransitive accident.
- She turned the photo over and wrote the date. Sequence: flip then write.
Mini-contrasts & form guide
- bring up vs raise — same meaning; raise is more formal.
- come on vs come out — start (broadcast/device) vs be released/made public.
- fill in vs fill out — both used; BrE often fill in, AmE often fill out.
- flick through vs look through — quick glance vs careful examination.
- look up vs look for — search in a reference vs search in the world.
- make out vs make up — perceive/pretend vs invent/reconcile/constitute.
- put forward vs put off / put up with — propose vs delay / tolerate (different particles).
- see through vs see to — not be fooled vs take care of.
- stand out vs stick out — both noticeable; stick out is more informal/physical.
- turn over vs turn to — flip a page vs move to page 10.
Micro-practice (write your own)
- Give a friend advice at work using bring up.
- Write a routine sentence with TV that comes on at a fixed time.
- Announce that a report comes out tomorrow.
- Write a polite instruction with fill in.
- Tell students to flick through a chapter and do a mini-task.
- Refuse to go into details now; suggest a time later.
- Use the passive of hand out to talk about samples.
- Make a zero-conditional rule with look up.
- Use meaning (a) of make out (pretend) and meaning (b) (perceive) in two separate sentences.
- Apologise and then make up with someone.
- Nominate someone with put forward.
- Warn a friend to see through a scam.
- Give a tip to stand out in an interview.
- Give two exam-style instructions using turn over.
Quick fixes (most common learner errors)
- Pronouns in the middle for separable verbs: ✔ bring it up / look it up / hand them out / turn it over.
- No extra prepositions: ✔ bring up the issue (not *bring up about*), ✔ look up the word (not *look up for*).
- Tense sits on the verb, not the particle: brought up, made up, handed out.
- Swap to single-word synonyms in formal writing: raise, publish, propose, examine, distribute, consult, discern, rotate.
Extra Practice
Advanced exercises for: bring up, come on, come out, fill in, flick through, go into, hand out, look up, make out, make up, put forward, see through, stand out, turn over. Each answer key appears immediately after its exercise.
Exercise 1 — Precision Multiple-Choice in Context
Choose the option (A–D) that best completes each sentence.
- The committee agreed that the safety incident should be ______ at the very start of the briefing.
A) made up B) brought up C) turned over D) stood out - The streetlights usually ______ at dusk, but tonight the system failed.
A) come out B) come on C) go into D) put forward - The quarterly audit will ______ on Monday, together with a press statement.
A) come out B) hand out C) look up D) make out - Please ______ the registration form using capital letters.
A) fill in B) flick through C) bring up D) put forward - He only ______ the report on the train; he’ll need a deeper read tomorrow.
A) looked up B) stood out C) flicked through D) put forward - I can’t ______ the figure on this receipt; is that a 6 or an 8?
A) make up B) make out C) see through D) turn over - Volunteers ______ reusable bottles at the finish line.
A) handed out B) brought up C) came on D) turned over - If you’re not sure about the collocation, ______ it ______ in the learner’s dictionary.
A) look / for B) look / up C) look / out D) look / on - The company’s announcement ______ last night, confirming the merger.
A) came out B) came on C) stood out D) turned over - After a tense debate, the chair ______ a compromise that satisfied both teams.
A) went into B) put forward C) filled in D) looked up - The board wants us to ______ the findings in more detail next week.
A) go into B) hand out C) turn over D) come on - She tried to flatter the interviewer, but he ______ her act immediately.
A) turned over B) made out C) saw through D) came out - In a market full of lookalikes, the brand needs a clearer message to ______.
A) stand out B) come on C) see through D) bring up - During the exam, do not ______ your paper until the invigilator says so.
A) flick through B) put forward C) see through D) turn over - I don’t want to ______ the old conflict, but we should learn from it.
A) make out B) bring up C) look up D) go into
Answer Key & Explanations
- B) brought up — *bring up* = raise a topic; others mismatch meaning.
- B) come on — Devices/lights/shows start = *come on*.
- A) come out — Reports/info are published = *come out*.
- A) fill in — Forms/blanks = *fill in*.
- C) flicked through — Quick glance reading = *flick through*.
- B) make out — Perceive with difficulty; *make up* = invent.
- A) handed out — Distribute items to a group.
- B) look / up — Separable; with pronoun → *look it up*.
- A) came out — Announcement released (not broadcast).
- B) put forward — Propose/introduce an idea.
- A) go into — Discuss/examine in detail.
- C) saw through — Detect insincerity; not fooled.
- A) stand out — Be distinctive/noticeable.
- D) turn over — Flip to the other side.
- B) bring up — Introduce a (sensitive) topic.
Exercise 2 — Error Surgery (Find & Fix)
Each sentence has one phrasal-verb error. Rewrite correctly.
- Please look up for the word “throughput” in the corpus.
- The film will come on next Friday nationwide.
- The chair put forward to delay the vote until after lunch.
- They brought up about staffing shortages in the Q&A.
- Could you hand out them after I finish the instructions?
- The document goes into about the limitations, but not the costs.
- The brochure was flicked through by I on the bus.
- She made the numbers out to look higher than they were. (pretend/claim)
- The car turned over the page when I pressed the button.
- If you don’t know that idiom, look up it in a learner’s dictionary.
- His portfolio stands out than the others for clarity.
- It came on that the investigation had serious flaws. (became public)
Answer Key & Explanations
- Please look up the word … — No extra for; source with in.
- The film will come out … — Releases/publications *come out*; *come on* is for broadcasts/devices.
- The chair put forward a proposal/motion to delay… — Verb needs an object.
- They brought up staffing shortages … — Remove redundant about.
- Could you hand them out … — Separable + pronoun goes in the middle.
- The document goes into the limitations … — Delete about; use direct object.
- The brochure was flicked through by me … — Correct pronoun case (or better: I flicked through…).
- She made the numbers out to be higher… / She made it out that… — Correct patterns for “claim/pretend”.
- The e-reader turned the page over … — Use the right subject/object for *turn over*; “car” makes no sense.
- … look it up — Pronoun must sit between verb and particle.
- … stands out from the others — Use from, not *than*.
- It came out that … — “Became public/known” uses *come out*, not *come on*.
Exercise 3 — High-Register ↔ Phrasal Transformations
Rewrite in the other register without changing meaning.
- A) The spokesperson proposed a partial refund for pre-orders.
- A) The findings will be published after the ethics review.
- A) Please complete the risk-assessment questionnaire before Friday.
- A) The article does not examine the historical causes in depth.
- A) The coordinator distributed reusable badges at the entrance.
- B) A sudden pop-up came on, blocking the login page.
- B) It’s hard to make out the text on the sign from this distance.
- B) He made up a story to justify the budget overrun.
- B) The keynote speaker brought up AI governance in the Q&A.
- B) Her thesis really stands out for methodological clarity.
Answer Key & Explanations
- put forward — Meetings/ideas → *put forward*.
- come out — Release/publication.
- fill in — Forms/fields/blanks collocate with *fill in*.
- go into — Detailed examination.
- handed out — Distribution to individuals.
- appeared/activated — UI/device verbs swap for formal single words.
- discern/read — Formal for perception with difficulty.
- invented/fabricated — Stronger register for *make up*.
- raised/broached — Formal alternatives to *bring up*.
- is distinctive / is conspicuous — Academic tone for *stand out*.
Exercise 4 — Separable Mechanics (Pronouns & Long Objects)
Complete with the correct phrasal verb and correct object placement. Use each once: bring up, fill in, hand out, look up, make up, turn over.
- If you don’t remember the rule, ______ ______ in the OALD app. (object = “it”)
- We shouldn’t ______ sensitive issues in the chat; let’s wait for the meeting.
- Could you ______ the consent forms now and collect them later?
- I accidentally ______ the invoice number; here’s the corrected version.
- Please ______ the evaluation form with your full legal name and today’s date.
- When the invigilator tells you to, ______ your paper and begin Section B.
Answer Key & Explanations
- look it up — Pronoun in the middle for separable verbs.
- bring up — Introduce/refer to a topic.
- hand out — Distribute to participants.
- made up — “Invented”/entered wrongly; *make up* fits the context.
- fill in — Long object phrase follows the verb naturally.
- turn over — Flip page to the other side.
Exercise 5 — Mini-Reading Cloze (Nuance Bank)
Insert the best phrasal verb (correct tense/form). Use each once: came out, put forward, go into, see through, flicked through, brought up, stand out, make out, handed out, looked up.
At the pitch meeting, the team lead (1) ______ three questions about data ethics that nobody had planned for. The consultant (2) ______ a modest timeline extension as a solution, but the board wanted proof. During a short break, I (3) ______ the competitor’s white paper—just enough to catch the headings. Back in the room, the CFO tried to present the delay as “unavoidable,” yet several members (4) ______ the exaggeration. Overnight, the auditors’ summary (5) ______, and two tables really (6) ______ for their transparent methodology. Before the second day began, the coordinator (7) ______ printed ID badges to speed up entry. When the discussion resumed, the chair said we couldn’t (8) ______ every statistical caveat, so we focused on the largest risks instead. I couldn’t (9) ______ a key figure in the slide from row eight, so I quickly (10) ______ the term on my phone to check the formula they used.
Answer Key & Explanations
- brought up — Introduced unexpected questions.
- put forward — Proposed a solution.
- flicked through — Brief/rapid reading.
- saw through — Detected the spin; not fooled.
- came out — Was released/published.
- stood out — Noticeably better/clearer.
- handed out — Distributed badges.
- go into — Discuss/explain in detail (decided not to).
- make out — Couldn’t perceive the number clearly.
- looked up — Checked a reference source.
Exercise 6 — Choose-All-That-Apply (Subtle Grammar & Meaning)
More than one option may be correct.
- A
i) We’ll bring up it at the end. ii) We’ll bring it up at the end. iii) We’ll bring up the topic at the end. - B
i) The device came on automatically at 6 a.m. ii) The new privacy policy came on last night. iii) The new privacy policy came out last night. - C
i) Turn over to page 10. ii) Turn the page over to 10. iii) Turn the page over. - D
i) She made the numbers out to be higher than before. ii) She made out the numbers to be higher than before. iii) She made it out that the numbers were higher than before. - E
i) The article goes into the methodology. ii) The article goes into about the methodology. iii) The article goes into how the model was trained.
Answer Key & Explanations
A: ii, iii — Pronoun must be in the middle; noun objects are fine after the verb.
B: i, iii — Devices *come on*; policies/reports *come out*.
C: i, iii — Both natural; (ii) is ungrammatical mix.
D: i, iii — Correct patterns for the “claim/pretend” sense; (ii) suggests the perception sense and reads awkwardly.
E: i, iii — Direct object or how-clause; (ii) wrongly adds about.
Exercise 7 — Micro-Dialogues (Select & Justify)
Fill each blank with the best phrasal verb, then justify your choice in one sentence.
- A: “When does your favorite quiz show ______?” B: “Eight sharp—don’t be late.”
- A: “We’ll need your signature here.” B: “Sure—do I ______ both sides?”
- A: “I couldn’t ______ the street sign in that rain.” B: “Same—I missed our exit.”
- A: “The professor ______ a new reading list for the seminar.” B: “Nice—more recent sources!”
- A: “Don’t ______ excuses; we have the logs.” B: “You’re right—I’ll send the raw data.”
- A: “The updated policy ______ last night.” B: “Great—let’s read it before the stand-up.”
- A: “Let’s not ______ the budget cuts during the celebration.” B: “Agreed—tomorrow’s enough.”
- A: “Her prototype really ______ at the demo.” B: “Yes, the interface was so clean.”
- A: “We don’t have time to ______ every exception.” B: “Then focus on the critical ones.”
- A: “Before we start, I’ll ______ the agenda.” B: “Thanks—people arrived late.”
Answer Key & Explanations
- come on — Shows broadcast at a time.
- fill in — Forms/pages are “filled in.”
- make out — Perception with difficulty.
- put forward — Propose/introduce.
- make up — Invent excuses.
- came out — Was published/released.
- bring up — Raise a topic (best avoided here).
- stood out — Noticeably better/different.
- go into — Discuss in detail (time pressure blocks it).
- hand out — Distribute to the group.
Exercise 8 — Tense, Voice & Structure Mastery
Transform each sentence as instructed using the given phrasal verb.
- Passive with
put forward: “The junior analyst put forward two alternatives.” - Present perfect with
come out: “The final draft comes out today.” - Modal + negative with
go into: “We will discuss the algorithm’s bias later.” - Imperative with
turn over: “You may now begin Section C.” - Past continuous with
hand out+ time reference. - Cleft sentence (It was … that …) with
stand out. - Future perfect with
fill inabout a deadline. - Reported speech with
bring up(past reporting). - Comparative clause with
see throughto show speed. - Question form with
make out(hearing problem).
Answer Key & Explanations
- Two alternatives were put forward by the junior analyst. — Passive is common with proposals.
- The final draft has come out today. — Recent release with present perfect.
- We can’t go into the algorithm’s bias now. — Modal + negation conveys time/ability limit.
- Turn over your paper and begin Section C. — Standard imperative instruction.
- Staff were handing out wristbands at 8 a.m. when the doors opened. — Ongoing past action, time anchor added.
- It was her methodology that made her work stand out. — Cleft focuses the reason.
- By Friday, everyone will have filled in the consent form. — Completion before a future point.
- He said they had brought up the privacy risk in the meeting. — Backshift to past perfect after said.
- The auditors saw through the inflated figures faster than the investors did. — Comparative speed with faster than.
- Could you repeat that? I can’t make out what you’re saying. — Natural question context for hearing difficulty.
Exercise 9 — Tight Minimal Pairs (Choose One)
Pick the single verb that fits precisely.
- The whitepaper doesn’t ______ the historical failures; it only lists outcomes.
A) go into B) look up C) put forward - The headline numbers ______ in yesterday’s late-night update.
A) came on B) came out C) brought up - Jenna ______ a schedule change that would avoid Friday traffic.
A) stood out B) turned over C) put forward - From the balcony, I couldn’t ______ the reference number on the screen.
A) make out B) make up C) see through - The teacher asked us to ______ the handout and start task two.
A) stand out B) turn over C) come on - We only ______ the report on the train; we’ll need a full read later.
A) flicked through B) went into C) handed out - If you don’t know that prefix, ______ it in a reliable source.
A) bring up B) look up C) fill in - Their campaign tries to look humble, but most voters can ______ it.
A) see through B) make out C) come out - To ______ at interview, quantify at least three results.
A) come out B) stand out C) put forward - Don’t ______ the old argument tonight—this is a birthday dinner.
A) go into B) bring up C) make up
Answer Key & Explanations
- A) go into — Deep discussion vs mere listing.
- B) came out — Released/made public.
- C) put forward — Propose/submit an idea.
- A) make out — Perceive with difficulty; *make up* = invent.
- B) turn over — Flip the page/handout.
- A) flicked through — Quick scan.
- B) look up — Reference search.
- A) see through — Detect a false front.
- B) stand out — Be distinctive.
- B) bring up — Introduce a topic (not the time).
Exercise 10 — Guided Paraphrase (Keep the Meaning)
Rewrite so the sentence keeps the same meaning and uses the target phrasal verb shown in brackets.
- We should discuss the security hole at the start. (bring up)
- The livestream starts broadcasting at half past. (come on)
- The report will be released tomorrow. (come out)
- Please complete all the boxes in the application. (fill in)
- I skimmed the contract on the bus but didn’t read carefully. (flick through)
- Let’s not explain the math in full right now. (go into)
- The stewards distributed the maps before the hike. (hand out)
- If you’re unsure of the pronunciation, check it in a dictionary. (look up)
- Through the static, I could hardly hear the last sentence. (make out)
- He invented an excuse about traffic. (make up)
- The chair proposed a new voting system. (put forward)
- The audience quickly realised the speaker’s false humility. (see through)
- The simplest slide really caught attention. (stand out)
- When told to do so, flip your test to the next page. (turn over)
Answer Key & Explanations
- We should bring up the security hole at the start. — Raise the topic early.
- The livestream comes on at half past. — Broadcast schedule.
- The report will come out tomorrow. — Publication/release.
- Please fill in all the boxes in the application. — Form completion collocation.
- I flicked through the contract … — Superficial read.
- Let’s not go into the math in full right now. — Avoid deep detail.
- The stewards handed out the maps … — Distribution to a group.
- … look it up in a dictionary. — Separable with pronoun in the middle.
- … could hardly make out the last sentence. — Perception with difficulty.
- He made up an excuse about traffic. — Invented story.
- The chair put forward a new voting system. — Formal proposal.
- The audience saw through the false humility. — Not fooled; detected truth.
- The simplest slide really stood out. — Distinct/noticeable.
- … turn over your test to the next page. — Flip page instruction.