Lesson 10: 14 'Weather & Environment' Essential Phrasal Verbs: Complete Guide + Exercises

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October 25, 2025
General English

Master 14 essential phrasal verbs (call for, put out, tear down, etc.) with clear explanations, 100+ examples, grammar patterns, common mistakes, and 10 challenging exercises. Perfect for B1-C1 learners. - LingExam Language Academy - Lingexam.com

Environmental & General Phrasal Verbs — Complete Tutorial

Master 14 essential phrasal verbs with clear meanings, grammar patterns, natural examples with explanations, common mistakes, and practical exercises. Everything stacks vertically for easy reading.

Level: B1–C1 Topic: Environment & Daily Life Format: Single-column

`call for` (sth)

Core idea: require, need, or demand something; the situation makes something necessary.

Inseparable Transitive Pattern: call for + noun/gerund

Examples + explanations

This recipe calls for three eggs and two cups of flour. The recipe requires these specific ingredients.
The current climate crisis calls for urgent action from all world leaders. The severity of the situation demands immediate response.
Her rude behavior calls for an apology. The inappropriate conduct necessitates making amends.
The job calls for someone with excellent communication skills. The position requires a person with these abilities.
This delicate situation calls for diplomacy, not aggression. The circumstances require a careful approach.
The protesters are calling for the resignation of the prime minister. They are demanding that the leader step down.

Usage note: Often used in formal contexts, news reports, and policy discussions. Can express both literal needs (ingredients) and abstract needs (qualities, responses).

`call off` (sth)

Core idea: cancel something that was previously planned or scheduled.

Separable Transitive Pattern: call off + object OR call + object + off

Examples + explanations

They decided to call off the wedding after discovering they wanted different things. The couple cancelled their marriage ceremony.
The rescue team called off the search after three days. The search operation was officially ended.
The baseball game was called off due to heavy rain. The sporting event was cancelled because of weather.
The union decided to call off the strike after reaching an agreement. The workers' protest action was ended through negotiation.
The military called off the attack at the last minute. A planned operation was stopped before execution.

Grammar tip: With pronouns, use: "call it off" (not "call off it"). More definitive than "postpone"—the event won't happen as originally planned.

`clear up`

Core ideas: (weather) become brighter; resolve confusion; cure illness; tidy space.

Intransitive (weather) Separable (problems/rooms) Multiple meanings

Examples + explanations

It's been raining all morning, but it should clear up by afternoon. The rainy weather will improve and become sunny.
I need to clear up a misunderstanding with my boss. Resolve confusion through communication.
The cream should clear up your skin rash within a few days. The medication will cure the skin condition.
Please clear up your room before your friends arrive. Tidy and organize the space.
The detective cleared up the mystery by finding crucial evidence. The confusing situation was resolved and explained.

Context matters: Weather usage is always intransitive (no object). Problem-solving and tidying require objects. British English commonly uses this for tidying; Americans might say "clean up."

`cut off` (sb/sth)

Core ideas: make a place difficult to enter/leave; disconnect supply; interrupt someone speaking.

Separable Can be passive Pattern: cut off + object OR cut + object + off

Examples + explanations

The small village was cut off by heavy snowfall for three days. Snow blocked all access routes, completely isolating the village.
They cut off our electricity because we forgot to pay the bill. The power company stopped supplying electricity.
He tried to explain, but she cut him off before he could finish. She interrupted him while he was speaking.
His wealthy parents cut him off financially when he dropped out. They stopped providing money and financial support.
A car cut me off on the highway, and I almost crashed. Another vehicle dangerously moved into my lane.

Common mistake: In traffic, "cut off" specifically means dangerous lane changing. Don't confuse with "turn off" (exit a road).

`die down`

Core idea: become less noisy, powerful, or active; gradually decrease in intensity.

Intransitive No object needed Gradual process

Examples + explanations

The children were excited at first, but their noise died down after an hour. The loud sounds gradually became quieter naturally.
The storm was fierce at first, but it died down by morning. The intensity of strong winds and rain gradually decreased.
The initial excitement about the new product died down after a few weeks. People's enthusiasm gradually decreased over time.
The panic in the crowd died down when officials explained there was no danger. The fearful state gradually calmed with reassurance.
The campfire died down to just glowing embers by midnight. The flames became smaller and less intense.

Remember: Always intransitive (never takes an object). Implies gradual process, not sudden stopping. Cannot be separated. Similar to "calm down" but more about intensity than emotion.

`do up` (sth)

Core ideas: repair/renovate a building; fasten clothing; wrap something.

Separable Transitive British English common

Examples + explanations

They bought an old house and spent two years doing it up. They renovated and improved the property extensively.
We're planning to do up the kitchen with new cabinets. They intend to renovate and improve the kitchen.
Can you help me do up this zipper? I can't reach it. Requesting assistance to fasten a zipper.
Do up your coat—it's cold outside! An instruction to fasten buttons or zipper.
She did up the present in beautiful gold paper. She wrapped the gift attractively.

Regional note: British English uses this more commonly than American English for renovation. Americans might say "fix up" or "renovate" instead. Object can go between "do" and "up" or after both words.

`face up to` (sth)

Core idea: accept something unpleasant and try to deal with it; acknowledge difficult truth.

Inseparable Three-word phrasal verb Pattern: face up to + noun/gerund

Examples + explanations

He finally faced up to the fact that his drinking was destroying his family. After denial, he acknowledged the truth about his problem.
You need to face up to your mistakes instead of blaming others. Taking personal responsibility requires acknowledging errors.
She faced up to her fear of public speaking by joining a debate club. She confronted her fear directly by exposing herself to it.
The company had to face up to the reality that their product was no longer competitive. Business leaders acknowledged an uncomfortable truth.
After years of overspending, they had to face up to their massive debt. They could no longer ignore the financial consequences.

Key point: Always followed by "to" (inseparable). Implies courage and honesty. Often used when someone has been avoiding something. The opposite would be "avoid," "deny," or "run away from."

`get (sb) down`

Core idea: make someone feel sad, depressed, or discouraged.

Separable Requires person object Pattern: get + person + down

Examples + explanations

The constant rain and grey skies really get me down in winter. The persistent gloomy weather negatively affects mood.
Don't let this cold, dark weather get you down—spring is coming! Encouragement not to allow conditions to impact emotional state.
The constant criticism from his boss was starting to get him down. Repeated negative feedback was causing discouragement.
Being unemployed for six months really got him down. Extended period without work caused emotional distress.
Reading the news every day gets me down—it's always so negative. Constant exposure to negative information causes low mood.

Grammar: The object (person affected) must be included. Often used with "really," "sometimes," or "starting to." More informal than "depress" or "discourage." The opposite: "cheer up" or "lift someone's spirits."

`put (sth) down to` (sth)

Core idea: suggest or believe that something is the result of a particular cause; attribute.

Fixed structure Pattern: put + effect + down to + cause Similar to "attribute to"

Examples + explanations

I put his bad mood down to stress at work. The speaker believes workplace pressure caused his negative state.
She put her success down to hard work and determination. She attributes her achievements to these specific qualities.
They put his strange behavior down to the medication he was taking. They believe the unusual actions were a side effect.
The teacher put the student's poor performance down to lack of preparation. The educator identified insufficient study as the reason.
We can put the project's failure down to poor planning. These factors are identified as causes of failure.

Structure: Always requires two objects: the effect and the cause. The structure is fixed: put + [effect] + down to + [cause]. More informal than "attribute to." Can be used for both positive and negative situations.

`put out` (sth)

Core ideas: extinguish fire/flame; turn off lights; inconvenience someone; publish information.

Separable Multiple meanings Pattern: put out + object OR put + object + out

Examples + explanations

The firefighters worked for hours to put out the forest fire. They fought to extinguish the large blaze.
Please put out your cigarette before entering the building. A request to extinguish the burning tobacco product.
Don't forget to put out the lights before you go to bed. A reminder to turn off electrical lighting.
I don't want to put you out, but could I stay at your place tonight? Asking a favor while acknowledging it may cause inconvenience.
The government put out a statement addressing the crisis. They issued an official communication for public consumption.

Context is key: Most common meaning is extinguishing fire. "Put out" for inconvenience is often used with "don't want to put you out." "Feeling put out" means feeling annoyed or inconvenienced.

`set in`

Core idea: start and be likely to continue for a while (weather, seasons, conditions).

Intransitive No object needed Often negative situations

Examples + explanations

Winter has set in early this year—we had snow in October. The cold season began earlier than usual and is now established.
The rain set in around noon and continued all day. The rainfall began at midday and persisted steadily.
An economic depression set in after the stock market crash. A prolonged period of economic decline became established.
Infection set in because the wound wasn't properly cleaned. Bacterial growth began and became established in the injury.
Panic set in when people realized the building was on fire. Fear and chaotic behavior began and spread through the group.

Usage: Always intransitive (never takes an object). Usually describes something negative or challenging. Implies persistence and duration. Cannot be separated. Often used with time expressions: "before," "after," "when."

`stand for` (sth)

Core ideas: A) represent something (abbreviations/symbols). B) tolerate (usually negative).

Inseparable Two main meanings Pattern: stand for + noun

Examples + explanations

NASA stands for National Aeronautics and Space Administration. These letters are an abbreviation representing the full name.
The dove stands for peace in many cultures. This bird is a symbol that represents the concept of peace.
I won't stand for this kind of disrespectful behavior! The speaker refuses to tolerate rude conduct.
She doesn't stand for any nonsense in her classroom. As a teacher, she doesn't tolerate foolish behavior.
This party stands for lower taxes and smaller government. The political organization represents these policy positions.

Two meanings: Representation meaning is neutral and factual. Tolerance meaning is usually negative ("won't stand for," "doesn't stand for"). When asking what abbreviations mean, "stand for" is the standard phrase.

`tear down` (sth)

Core ideas: destroy/remove buildings or structures; (metaphorical) destroy systems or reputations.

Separable Transitive Pattern: tear down + object OR tear + object + down

Examples + explanations

They're going to tear down the old factory to build a shopping mall. The old building will be demolished to make space for new construction.
The city tore down several abandoned houses that had become dangerous. Municipal authorities demolished unsafe buildings as a safety measure.
Protesters tore down the statue of the controversial historical figure. People physically removed a monument as a political statement.
The Berlin Wall was torn down in 1989, symbolizing the end of the Cold War. The physical barrier was demolished, representing political reunification.
We need to tear down the barriers between different departments. Metaphorical—removing obstacles to communication and cooperation.

Usage: Can be separated (tear the building down / tear down the building). Often implies complete destruction. Can be literal (physical) or metaphorical (abstract). The opposite: "build up," "construct," or "erect."

`throw away` (sth)

Core ideas: dispose of something in trash; waste an opportunity or advantage.

Separable Transitive Pattern: throw away + object OR throw + object + away

Examples + explanations

Please throw away your trash in the proper bins. A request to dispose of garbage correctly.
I threw away all my old clothes that no longer fit. Garments that were no longer useful were disposed of.
Don't throw away that box—we can use it for storage. A warning not to discard something with potential use.
He threw away his chance at a scholarship by not applying on time. Through carelessness, he wasted a valuable opportunity.
Don't throw away your education by skipping classes. Warning that neglecting studies wastes the valuable opportunity.
You're throwing away money on lottery tickets. Spending money with little chance of return is wasteful.

Pronoun rule: When the object is a pronoun, it MUST go between the words: "throw it away" (not "throw away it"). Literal meaning is neutral; metaphorical meaning is negative. Environmental consciousness has made people more aware of what they throw away.

Quick Grammar Reference

call for — inseparable; transitive (call for + thing)
call off — separable; transitive (call off sth / call sth off)
clear up — intransitive (weather); separable (problems/rooms)
cut off — separable; transitive (cut off sb/sth / cut sb/sth off)
die down — intransitive; no object
do up — separable; transitive (do up sth / do sth up)
face up to — inseparable; transitive (face up to + thing)
get (sb) down — separable; requires person object
put down to — fixed structure (put + effect + down to + cause)
put out — separable; transitive (put out sth / put sth out)
set in — intransitive; no object
stand for — inseparable; transitive (stand for + thing)
tear down — separable; transitive (tear down sth / tear sth down)
throw away — separable; transitive (throw away sth / throw sth away)

Practice: Fill in the blanks

The weather forecast ________ heavy rain all weekend. (requires)
After the earthquake, rescue workers had to ________ the search. (cancel)
I hope the storm will ________ before the ceremony begins. (improve)
The village was completely ________ by the avalanche. (isolated)
The loud music finally ________ around 3 AM. (became quieter)
They bought a Victorian house and spent two years ________ it ________. (renovating)
It's time to ________ the fact that we can't afford this. (accept)
The constant rejection letters were starting to ________ her ________. (depress)
The doctor ________ his symptoms ________ stress. (attributed)
Make sure you ________ all the candles before leaving. (extinguish)
The rainy season has ________. (begun and will continue)
"CEO" ________ Chief Executive Officer. (represents)
The city decided to ________ the old bridge. (demolish)
Don't ________ those magazines—I haven't read them! (discard)

Show answers

calls for
call off
clear up
cut off
died down
doing it up
face up to
get/getting, down
put, down to
put out
set in
stands for
tear down
throw away

Common Mistakes to Avoid

❌ Wrong: "Throw away it."
✅ Correct: "Throw it away."
Pronouns must go between separable phrasal verbs.

❌ Wrong: "I called the meeting for."
✅ Correct: "I called for the meeting."
"Call for" cannot be separated.

❌ Wrong: "The weather cleared out."
✅ Correct: "The weather cleared up."
The particle changes the meaning completely.

❌ Wrong: "They called off." (incomplete)
✅ Correct: "They called off the meeting."
Transitive phrasal verbs need objects.

❌ Wrong: "The weather cleared up the sky."
✅ Correct: "The weather cleared up."
"Clear up" for weather is intransitive.

Natural Dialogues

A. Weather & Plans

A: The forecast calls for rain all weekend.
B: Should we call off the picnic?
A: Let's wait. It might clear up by Saturday.

B. Home Renovation

A: The Johnsons are doing up their house.
B: Really? Are they tearing down the old garage?
A: Yes, and they're putting the cost down to necessary repairs.

C. Crisis Management

A: This situation calls for immediate action.
B: I know. We need to face up to the problems.
A: Don't let the pressure get you down. We can handle this.

D. Environmental Discussion

A: We throw away so much that could be recycled.
B: I agree. This stands for everything wrong with our culture.
A: We need to tear down these wasteful habits.

E. After the Storm

A: The storm finally died down this morning.
B: Good. Several villages were cut off by flooding.
A: I hope the situation clears up soon.

Story: Using All 14 Phrasal Verbs

When winter set in early, the village was cut off by snow. The situation called for emergency action, but officials called off the rescue mission when the storm got worse. The isolation started to get residents down, but they faced up to the challenge. They put their resilience down to community spirit.

As they waited for the weather to clear up and the wind to die down, they did up the community center. They refused to stand for despair. When spring came, they tore down damaged buildings, put out the last of the winter fires, and threw away their worries. The experience stood for everything good about their community.

Teaching & Learning Tips:

Group verbs by theme (weather, destruction, emotions)
Practice pronoun placement with separable verbs
Create personal sentences using each phrasal verb
Notice these verbs in movies, news, and conversations
Write a short story using at least 8 of the verbs
Remember: context determines meaning for multi-sense verbs

Extra Practice

10 challenging exercises to master environmental and general phrasal verbs. Each exercise includes detailed answer keys with in-depth explanations to deepen your understanding.

Level: B2–C1 10 Advanced Exercises Detailed Explanations

Exercise 1: Advanced Gap-Fill with Context Clues

Read each sentence carefully and fill in the blanks with the correct phrasal verb from the list. Pay attention to verb tense and form.

Phrasal verbs to use: call for, call off, clear up, cut off, die down, do up, face up to, get down, put down to, put out, set in, stand for, tear down, throw away

1. The environmental activist argued that we shouldn't __________ perfectly functional electronics just because newer models are available. This wasteful behavior is exactly what her organization __________.

2. After the hurricane __________, rescue teams discovered that several coastal communities had been completely __________ from the mainland, with no electricity, phone service, or road access.

3. The city council voted to __________ the controversial statue in the town square, but protesters managed to __________ the demolition by organizing a last-minute legal challenge.

4. Scientists __________ the rapid spread of the disease __________ climate change and deforestation, which have forced wildlife into closer contact with human populations.

5. The constant news about economic recession was really starting to __________ consumers __________, which economists feared would create a self-fulfilling prophecy as people stopped spending money.

6. Once the infection __________ in the patient's bloodstream, doctors had to administer powerful antibiotics to __________ the inflammation before it became life-threatening.

7. The homeowners spent their entire savings __________ the Victorian mansion, but they refused to __________ the original architectural features that gave the building its historic character.

8. The government finally had to __________ the fact that their economic policies weren't working, which __________ a complete restructuring of the finance ministry.

9. After three days of intense negotiations, the controversy finally __________, and both parties were able to __________ their remaining misunderstandings through mediation.

10. In chemistry class, we learned that "H₂O" __________ water, and that you should never __________ certain chemicals together because they could cause dangerous reactions.

Show Answer Key for Exercise 1

Answer 1:

throw away / stands for

Detailed Explanation:
First blank - "throw away": The context discusses disposing of functional electronics unnecessarily. "Throw away" means to discard or dispose of something, and it fits perfectly here because the activist is criticizing wasteful disposal. The modal "shouldn't" requires the base form of the phrasal verb. This is the literal disposal meaning of "throw away," not the metaphorical "waste an opportunity" meaning.

Second blank - "stands for": The sentence indicates that this wasteful behavior represents what the organization opposes. "Stand for" in this context means to represent or symbolize. The organization is against this type of waste, so the behavior "stands for" (represents) everything they fight against. Note that "stand for" is inseparable and takes the singular form "stands" because the subject "behavior" is singular.

Answer 2:

died down / cut off

Detailed Explanation:
First blank - "died down": The sentence describes what happened after the hurricane. "Die down" means to become less intense or powerful, which is exactly what happens when a storm passes. The past simple tense "died down" is required because this is a completed action in the past. You cannot use "calmed down" here because that's typically used for people's emotions, not weather events.

Second blank - "cut off": The context describes communities that were isolated with no services. "Cut off" means to make a place impossible to reach or to disconnect services. The passive voice "had been cut off" is correct because the communities received the action—they didn't cut themselves off. The past perfect tense indicates this happened before the rescue teams discovered it. This demonstrates both physical isolation (no road access) and service disconnection (no electricity or phone).

Answer 3:

tear down / call off

Detailed Explanation:
First blank - "tear down": The city council is making a decision about a statue. "Tear down" means to demolish or remove a structure, which fits the context of removing a controversial statue. The infinitive form "to tear down" is required after "voted to." While "take down" could work colloquially, "tear down" is more formal and appropriate for official council decisions about permanent structures.

Second blank - "call off": Protesters are stopping the demolition. "Call off" means to cancel something that was planned. The infinitive "to call off" follows "managed to." The demolition was scheduled but was cancelled due to the legal challenge. Note that "call off" is separable, but here the object "the demolition" comes after both words, which is grammatically correct. The protesters successfully prevented the action from happening.

Answer 4:

put / down to

Detailed Explanation:
"put down to": This is a three-word phrasal verb with a fixed structure: put + [effect] + down to + [cause]. Scientists are attributing (assigning a cause to) the disease spread. The effect is "the rapid spread of the disease" and the cause is "climate change and deforestation." The present simple "put" is used because this describes current scientific opinion. This phrasal verb is more informal than "attribute to" but means the same thing. The structure cannot be changed—you cannot say "put to down" or separate the words differently. This demonstrates causal reasoning: scientists believe climate change and deforestation are the reasons for the disease spread.

Answer 5:

get / down

Detailed Explanation:
"get (sb) down": The news is affecting consumers' mood negatively. "Get (sb) down" means to make someone feel sad, depressed, or discouraged. The structure requires the person affected between "get" and "down": get + consumers + down. The past continuous "was getting" indicates an ongoing process that was in progress. The adverb "really" intensifies the effect. The sentence explains that negative economic news was causing psychological depression in consumers, which could lead to reduced spending—creating a cycle where fear of recession causes the actual recession (a self-fulfilling prophecy). This phrasal verb always requires a person as the object.

Answer 6:

set in / put out

Detailed Explanation:
First blank - "set in": The infection is beginning and becoming established. "Set in" means to start and be likely to continue, often used for medical conditions, weather, or negative situations. The past simple "set in" indicates this happened at a specific point in the past. This is intransitive (no object needed). Once an infection "sets in," it becomes established in the body and requires medical intervention.

Second blank - "put out": Doctors are trying to extinguish the inflammation. While "put out" literally means to extinguish fire, it's used metaphorically here for stopping inflammation (which is like a "fire" in the body). The infinitive "to put out" follows "had to." This demonstrates the medical emergency: the infection became established, and doctors needed to stop the inflammatory response before it caused death. The metaphorical use of "put out" for inflammation is common in medical contexts.

Answer 7:

doing up / tear down

Detailed Explanation:
First blank - "doing up": The homeowners are renovating the mansion. "Do up" means to repair, renovate, or improve a building. The past continuous "spent their savings doing up" shows an ongoing process that consumed their money. The object "the Victorian mansion" comes after both words of the phrasal verb. This is typical British English; Americans might say "fixing up" instead.

Second blank - "tear down": They refused to destroy the original features. "Tear down" means to demolish or remove. The infinitive "to tear down" follows "refused to." The contrast is important: they renovated (did up) the building but preserved (didn't tear down) its historic character. This shows careful restoration rather than destructive renovation. The object "the original architectural features" explains what they preserved.

Answer 8:

face up to / called for

Detailed Explanation:
First blank - "face up to": The government is accepting an unpleasant truth. "Face up to" means to accept something difficult and try to deal with it. The infinitive "to face up to" follows "had to." This is a three-word inseparable phrasal verb. The government was in denial but finally acknowledged reality. The fact that their policies "weren't working" is the difficult truth they must accept.

Second blank - "called for": The situation requires or demands action. "Call for" means to require or necessitate. The past simple "called for" indicates what the situation demanded. The relative clause "which called for" refers back to the admission of policy failure. A complete restructuring was necessary as a consequence. This shows cause and effect: facing reality led to recognition that major changes were needed.

Answer 9:

died down / clear up

Detailed Explanation:
First blank - "died down": The controversy is becoming less intense. "Die down" means to become less powerful or active. The past simple "died down" indicates the controversy decreased after three days. This is intransitive (no object). The intensity of the dispute gradually decreased, allowing for productive discussion.

Second blank - "clear up": The parties are resolving their misunderstandings. "Clear up" in this context means to resolve confusion or problems. The infinitive "to clear up" follows "were able to." The object "their remaining misunderstandings" comes after both words. Through mediation (a formal dispute resolution process), they could resolve what was still unclear. This shows progression: first the intense emotions died down, then they could address and resolve specific points of confusion.

Answer 10:

stands for / throw

Detailed Explanation:
First blank - "stands for": The chemical formula represents water. "Stand for" means to represent, especially for abbreviations, symbols, or acronyms. The present simple "stands for" is used for permanent facts. This is the representation meaning of "stand for," not the tolerance meaning. In chemistry, symbols and formulas stand for (represent) specific substances.

Second blank - "throw": This is tricky—the answer is just "throw," not the phrasal verb "throw away." The context is "throw chemicals together," meaning to mix or combine them carelessly. This is the base verb "throw" meaning to toss or mix, not the phrasal verb meaning to discard. The modal "should never" requires the base form. The sentence warns against dangerous chemical mixing. If the sentence meant disposal, it would say "throw away certain chemicals," but here it's about combining them, so only "throw" is needed.

Exercise 2: Error Correction Challenge

Each sentence contains ONE error related to phrasal verb usage (word order, preposition, tense, or separability). Identify and correct the error.

1. The company called the merger off it after discovering financial irregularities in the partner firm's accounts.

2. Winter is setting in early this year, and meteorologists put down the unusual cold to shifts in the jet stream.

3. The firefighters worked tirelessly to put the blaze out before it could spread to neighboring buildings.

4. She refused to stand up for such disrespectful treatment and immediately filed a formal complaint with HR.

5. The protesters managed to tear the monument down before police arrived at the scene.

6. Don't let the negative comments get down you—most people actually loved your presentation.

7. After years of avoiding the issue, he finally faced to the reality that he needed professional help.

8. The village was completely cut off from supplies when the bridge collapsed during the earthquake.

9. They spent the entire weekend doing their basement up, installing new flooring and repainting the walls.

10. The controversy finally died out after the company issued a public apology and changed its policies.

Show Answer Key for Exercise 2

Answer 1:

Error: "called the merger off it"
Correction: "called the merger off" OR "called it off"

Detailed Explanation:
The error is redundancy—using both the noun object "the merger" and the pronoun "it." With separable phrasal verbs like "call off," you can either put the noun object after both words ("called off the merger"), between the words ("called the merger off"), or use a pronoun between the words ("called it off"). However, you cannot use both the noun AND the pronoun. The sentence has "the merger" in the middle position and then incorrectly adds "it" afterward. This is a common mistake when learners try to separate the phrasal verb but forget they've already included the object. The correct versions are: "The company called off the merger" or "The company called the merger off" or "The company called it off" (if "the merger" was mentioned previously). The rest of the sentence is correct: "after discovering" uses the gerund appropriately.

Answer 2:

Error: "put down the unusual cold to"
Correction: "put the unusual cold down to"

Detailed Explanation:
The error is in the word order of the phrasal verb "put down to." The correct structure is: put + [effect] + down to + [cause]. The sentence incorrectly places "down" immediately after "put," creating "put down the unusual cold to." This breaks the required structure. The effect (unusual cold) must come between "put" and "down to." The correct sentence is: "meteorologists put the unusual cold down to shifts in the jet stream." This three-word phrasal verb has a fixed structure that cannot be altered. Think of it as: put [what you're explaining] down to [the reason]. The first part of the sentence is correct: "Winter is setting in" properly uses the present continuous for an ongoing process. The phrase "shifts in the jet stream" correctly identifies the cause that scientists are attributing the cold weather to.

Answer 3:

Error: None—this sentence is correct!

Detailed Explanation:
This is a trick question to test careful reading. The sentence is actually correct as written. "Put out" is a separable phrasal verb, and the sentence uses the structure: put + object + out. "The firefighters worked tirelessly to put the blaze out" is grammatically perfect. The object "the blaze" correctly appears between "put" and "out." This is one of two acceptable structures; the other would be "put out the blaze" with the object after both words. Both are correct. The infinitive "to put" is appropriate after the verb "worked." The sentence could also be written as "to put out the blaze," which would also be correct. The rest of the sentence uses proper grammar: "before it could spread" uses the modal "could" appropriately for possibility, and "neighboring buildings" is spelled correctly (British: neighbouring, American: neighboring—both acceptable). This question tests whether students are carefully analyzing each sentence rather than assuming every sentence must have an error.

Answer 4:

Error: "stand up for"
Correction: "stand for"

Detailed Explanation:
The error is using the wrong phrasal verb. "Stand up for" means to defend or support someone/something, as in "stand up for your rights" or "stand up for a friend." However, the context here is about NOT tolerating something. The correct phrasal verb is "stand for" in its negative form, meaning to tolerate or put up with. The sentence should read: "She refused to stand for such disrespectful treatment." When you "won't stand for" something, you refuse to tolerate it. The sentence structure "refused to stand for" creates a double negative effect that emphasizes her strong rejection of the treatment. Compare: "I stand up for equality" (I defend/support equality) vs. "I won't stand for discrimination" (I won't tolerate discrimination). The confusion arises because both phrasal verbs start with "stand," but they have opposite meanings in this context. The rest of the sentence is correct: "filed a formal complaint with HR" uses appropriate business English.

Answer 5:

Error: None—this sentence is correct!

Detailed Explanation:
Another trick question—this sentence is completely correct. "Tear down" is a separable phrasal verb, and the sentence properly uses the structure: tear + object + down. "The protesters managed to tear the monument down" is grammatically perfect. The object "the monument" correctly appears between "tear" and "down." This could also be written as "tear down the monument" with the object after both words—both structures are acceptable. The infinitive "to tear" is appropriate after "managed to." The past simple "managed" is correct for a completed action. The time clause "before police arrived" properly uses past simple (not past perfect) because both actions are in the past and we're showing the sequence with "before." Some students might think this is wrong because they expect the object to always come after both words, but separable phrasal verbs allow both positions for noun objects. Only pronouns MUST go in the middle: "tear it down" (not "tear down it"). The sentence describes a protest action that was completed before authorities could intervene.

Answer 6:

Error: "get down you"
Correction: "get you down"

Detailed Explanation:
The error is incorrect word order with a pronoun object. "Get (sb) down" is a separable phrasal verb that requires the person object between "get" and "down." The sentence incorrectly places the pronoun "you" after "down," creating "get down you." This is wrong because pronouns MUST go in the middle of separable phrasal verbs. The correct structure is: get + pronoun + down. Therefore, it should be "get you down." This rule applies to all pronouns: get me down, get him down, get her down, get them down, get us down. You can NEVER say "get down me" or "get down them." With noun objects, you have flexibility: "get the students down" or "get down the students" (though the first is more natural). But with pronouns, there's only one correct position—in the middle. The imperative "Don't let" is correct, and the rest of the sentence properly uses the dash to add emphasis to the reassurance that "most people actually loved your presentation."

Answer 7:

Error: "faced to the reality"
Correction: "faced up to the reality"

Detailed Explanation:
The error is using an incomplete phrasal verb. The correct three-word phrasal verb is "face up to," not "face to." The sentence omits the word "up," which is essential to the meaning. "Face to" is not a phrasal verb in English. You can "face" something directly (without any particle), or you can "face up to" something (meaning to accept and confront a difficult truth), but "face to" doesn't exist. The correct sentence is: "he finally faced up to the reality that he needed professional help." This three-word phrasal verb is inseparable—you cannot say "face the reality up to" or "face up the reality to." The structure is always: face up to + noun/gerund. The sentence correctly uses "After years of avoiding the issue" to show the contrast between past avoidance and current acceptance. The past simple "faced up to" indicates a completed action. The noun clause "that he needed professional help" correctly follows "the reality" to explain what reality he accepted.

Answer 8:

Error: None—this sentence is correct!

Detailed Explanation:
This is the third trick question—the sentence is completely correct. "Cut off from" is the proper structure when indicating separation or isolation. The passive voice "was cut off from supplies" is grammatically perfect. The village received the action (it didn't cut itself off), so passive is appropriate. The preposition "from" correctly indicates what the village was separated from (supplies). You can be "cut off from" something (separated from it) or just "cut off" (isolated generally). Both are correct, but when you specify what someone is separated from, you need "from." For example: "The village was cut off" (general isolation) or "The village was cut off from supplies" (specific separation). The time clause "when the bridge collapsed during the earthquake" properly uses past simple for both actions because they happened at the same time. The sentence effectively communicates that the bridge collapse caused supply isolation. Some students might incorrectly think "from" is wrong, but it's actually necessary here to show what they were cut off from.

Answer 9:

Error: None—this sentence is correct!

Detailed Explanation:
This is the fourth correct sentence, testing whether students are analyzing carefully. "Doing their basement up" is perfectly correct British English. "Do up" is a separable phrasal verb, and the sentence uses the structure: doing + object + up. The possessive "their basement" correctly appears between "doing" and "up." In British English, this is the natural way to talk about renovation. The sentence could also be written as "doing up their basement" with the object after both words—both are acceptable. The gerund "doing" is appropriate after "spent" in the structure "spent time doing something." The present participles "installing" and "repainting" correctly show simultaneous actions that explain how they did up the basement. American English speakers might more naturally say "fixing up their basement," but "doing up" is standard British English and completely correct. The time expression "the entire weekend" emphasizes the duration of the work. This question tests whether students recognize that regional variations (British vs. American English) are both correct.

Answer 10:

Error: "died out"
Correction: "died down"

Detailed Explanation:
The error is using the wrong particle, creating a different phrasal verb with a different meaning. "Die out" means to become extinct or cease to exist entirely (like a species or tradition dying out). "Die down" means to become less intense or powerful (like noise, wind, or controversy decreasing). The context is about controversy becoming less intense after an apology, not about it becoming extinct. Therefore, "died down" is correct. The controversy decreased in intensity but didn't necessarily disappear completely—it just became less prominent. Compare: "The tradition died out" (it no longer exists at all) vs. "The noise died down" (it became quieter but might still be present). The sentence should read: "The controversy finally died down after the company issued a public apology and changed its policies." The rest of the sentence is correct: "issued a public apology" and "changed its policies" are parallel structures connected by "and," showing the two actions the company took to reduce the controversy. This is a subtle error that tests understanding of similar phrasal verbs with different particles.

Exercise 3: Multiple Choice with Nuanced Contexts

Choose the best phrasal verb to complete each sentence. Consider context, collocation, and meaning carefully.

1. The mayor's speech __________ unity and cooperation, but her actions suggested she was more interested in political advantage.

A) called for
B) stood for
C) called off
D) set in

2. After the initial panic __________, emergency responders were able to evacuate the building in an orderly fashion.

A) set in
B) died down
C) cleared up
D) called off

3. The historian __________ the fall of the empire __________ a combination of economic decline, military overextension, and internal corruption.

A) threw / away
B) put / down to
C) tore / down
D) cut / off

4. The entrepreneur refused to __________ her dream, even when investors __________ their funding at the last minute.

A) throw away / called off
B) call off / threw away
C) tear down / cut off
D) put out / died down

5. In academic writing, "et al." __________ "and others," and you should never __________ citations just because you think readers won't check them.

A) calls for / put out
B) stands for / throw away
C) puts down to / tear down
D) clears up / cut off

6. The therapist helped him __________ his childhood trauma, which had been __________ him __________ for decades.

A) face up to / getting / down
B) clear up / cutting / off
C) call for / putting / out
D) stand for / tearing / down

7. Once dry rot __________ in wooden structures, it's extremely difficult to __________ without extensive renovation.

A) dies down / throw away
B) clears up / call off
C) sets in / put out
D) tears down / stand for

8. The couple decided to __________ their Victorian cottage rather than __________ it __________ and build something modern.

A) throw away / do / up
B) do up / tear / down
C) call off / cut / off
D) put out / face up to

9. The confusion about the new policy should __________ once management __________ a detailed explanation to all employees.

A) die down / throws away
B) set in / tears down
C) clear up / puts out
D) call off / cuts off

10. The investigation revealed that the company had been __________ safety regulations, which __________ immediate government intervention.

A) throwing away / stood for
B) doing up / put out
C) cutting off / set in
D) disregarding / called for

Show Answer Key for Exercise 3

Answer 1: A) called for

Detailed Explanation:
The correct answer is A) called for because the context indicates the mayor's speech demanded or required unity and cooperation. "Call for" means to require, need, or demand something. In public speeches, leaders often "call for" (demand) certain values or actions from their constituents. The contrast with "but her actions suggested" indicates hypocrisy—she publicly demanded unity while privately seeking advantage.

Why the others are wrong:
B) stood for: This would mean the speech represented or symbolized unity, which doesn't fit the active sense of demanding. You might say "her party stands for unity," but a speech actively "calls for" things rather than passively representing them.
C) called off: This means to cancel, which makes no sense here. You can't cancel unity.
D) set in: This means to begin and continue (usually negative things like winter or disease), which doesn't fit the context of a speech making demands.

Answer 2: B) died down

Detailed Explanation:
The correct answer is B) died down because panic is an intense emotion that decreases in intensity over time. "Die down" means to become less intense, powerful, or active, which perfectly describes panic subsiding. The sentence shows a sequence: first panic was intense, then it decreased (died down), then orderly evacuation became possible. The phrase "After the initial panic" indicates the panic was at first very strong, and "died down" shows it became less intense.

Why the others are wrong:
A) set in: This means to begin and continue, which is the opposite of what's happening. The panic isn't beginning; it's ending.
C) cleared up: This is used for weather improving, confusion being resolved, or illnesses being cured. While it could work metaphorically, "died down" is the standard collocation for panic or chaos decreasing.
D) called off: This means to cancel something planned. Panic isn't a planned event that can be cancelled; it's an emotional state that decreases naturally.

Answer 3: B) put / down to

Detailed Explanation:
The correct answer is B) put / down to because the historian is attributing (assigning a cause to) the empire's fall. "Put down to" means to suggest or believe that something is the result of particular causes. The structure is: put + [effect] + down to + [causes]. Here, the effect is "the fall of the empire" and the causes are "economic decline, military overextension, and internal corruption." This is exactly what historians do—they analyze historical events and attribute them to various causes.

Why the others are wrong:
A) threw / away: This means to discard or waste. You can't "throw away the fall" of something—it doesn't make logical sense.
C) tore / down: This means to demolish. While empires do fall, historians don't "tear down" falls—they explain them.
D) cut / off: This means to isolate or disconnect. The sentence structure doesn't work with "cut off to," and the meaning doesn't fit the context of historical analysis.

Answer 4: A) throw away / called off

Detailed Explanation:
The correct answer is A) throw away / called off. For the first blank, "throw away" in its metaphorical sense means to waste an opportunity or advantage. The entrepreneur refused to waste or abandon her dream. For the second blank, "called off" means to cancel something that was planned. Investors cancelled their funding commitment. The sentence shows determination: despite investors cancelling their financial support, she wouldn't abandon her dream. The infinitive "to throw away" follows "refused to," and the past simple "called off" describes what investors did.

Why the others are wrong:
B) call off / threw away: You don't "call off a dream" (dreams aren't scheduled events), and investors don't "throw away funding" (they withdraw or cancel it).
C) tear down / cut off: You don't "tear down a dream" (that's not idiomatic), and while "cut off funding" works, "tear down" doesn't fit the first blank.
D) put out / died down: You don't "put out a dream" (that's for fires), and funding doesn't "die down" (that's for intensity).

Answer 5: B) stands for / throw away

Detailed Explanation:
The correct answer is B) stands for / throw away. For the first blank, "stands for" means to represent, which is the standard phrase for explaining abbreviations. "Et al." is a Latin abbreviation that represents "and others." For the second blank, "throw away" means to discard or treat as worthless. The sentence warns against discarding or omitting citations carelessly just because you assume readers won't verify them. This is advice about academic integrity—you shouldn't treat citations as disposable just because you think no one will check.

Why the others are wrong:
A) calls for / put out: Abbreviations don't "call for" things (they don't demand), and you don't "put out citations" (that's for fires or publishing information).
C) puts down to / tear down: You don't "put down abbreviations to" things (wrong structure), and "tear down citations" doesn't make sense.
D) clears up / cut off: Abbreviations don't "clear up" things (they don't resolve confusion by themselves), and you don't "cut off citations" (that's for disconnecting services).

Answer 6: A) face up to / getting / down

Detailed Explanation:
The correct answer is A) face up to / getting / down. For the first blank, "face up to" means to accept and confront something difficult, which is exactly what therapy helps people do with trauma. For the second and third blanks, "getting (him) down" means making him feel sad or depressed. The structure is: get + person + down. The past perfect continuous "had been getting him down" indicates an ongoing process in the past that continued for decades. The sentence shows how therapy helps someone confront trauma that had been causing depression for a long time.

Why the others are wrong:
B) clear up / cutting / off: You can "clear up confusion" but not "clear up trauma" (trauma isn't confusion that gets resolved simply). "Cutting off" means isolating, which doesn't fit the context.
C) call for / putting / out: Trauma doesn't "call for" things, and "putting out" is for fires, not emotional states.
D) stand for / tearing / down: You don't "stand for trauma" (you don't tolerate or represent it in this context), and "tearing down" is for structures, not emotional effects.

Answer 7: C) sets in / put out

Detailed Explanation:
The correct answer is C) sets in / put out. For the first blank, "sets in" means to begin and become established, which is exactly what happens with dry rot—once it starts in wood, it becomes established and spreads. For the second blank, "put out" is used metaphorically to mean extinguish or stop. Just as you "put out" a fire, you can metaphorically "put out" dry rot (stop its spread). The sentence explains that once dry rot becomes established, it's very difficult to stop without major renovation work. This is a technical/practical context about building maintenance.

Why the others are wrong:
A) dies down / throw away: Dry rot doesn't "die down" (decrease in intensity)—it either spreads or is removed. You don't "throw away" dry rot; you treat or remove it.
B) clears up / call off: Dry rot doesn't "clear up" (improve) on its own, and you don't "call off" (cancel) dry rot.
D) tears down / stand for: Dry rot doesn't "tear down" (it causes deterioration but isn't an agent that tears), and "stand for" doesn't fit the second blank's meaning.

Answer 8: B) do up / tear / down

Detailed Explanation:
The correct answer is B) do up / tear / down. For the first blank, "do up" means to renovate or restore, which fits the context of improving a Victorian cottage. For the second and third blanks, "tear down" means to demolish or destroy. The sentence presents a choice: renovate the existing cottage or demolish it and build new. The infinitive "to do up" follows "decided to," and "tear it down" has the pronoun "it" correctly placed between "tear" and "down." This is a common decision homeowners face with old properties—restore or replace.

Why the others are wrong:
A) throw away / do / up: You don't "throw away a cottage" (that's for small objects), and the structure "do it up" would come first (renovate), not second (demolish).
C) call off / cut / off: You don't "call off a cottage" (it's not an event), and "cut it off" means to isolate, not demolish.
D) put out / face up to: You don't "put out a cottage" (that's for fires), and "face up to it" means to accept reality, not to demolish.

Answer 9: C) clear up / puts out

Detailed Explanation:
The correct answer is C) clear up / puts out. For the first blank, "clear up" means to be resolved or become clear, which is what happens to confusion when it's explained. For the second blank, "puts out" means to publish or issue (information, statements, documents). Management will issue or publish a detailed explanation. The modal "should clear up" indicates expectation, and "once management puts out" uses present simple for a future time clause after "once." This is business communication context—confusion will be resolved when official explanation is published.

Why the others are wrong:
A) die down / throws away: Confusion doesn't "die down" (that's for noise or intensity); it "clears up" (gets resolved). Management doesn't "throw away" explanations; they provide them.
B) set in / tears down: Confusion doesn't "set in" in this context (that would mean it's beginning, but it already exists), and you don't "tear down" explanations.
D) call off / cuts off: You don't "call off confusion" (it's not an event), and "cuts off" means to disconnect, not to provide.

Answer 10: D) disregarding / called for

Detailed Explanation:
The correct answer is D) disregarding / called for. For the first blank, "disregarding" (ignoring) is actually NOT one of our phrasal verbs—this is a trick to test if students are paying attention. None of the phrasal verbs in our list fit naturally in the first blank. "Throwing away" doesn't work (you don't throw away regulations you're supposed to follow), "doing up" means renovating, "cutting off" means disconnecting. The sentence needs a simple verb like "disregarding," "violating," or "ignoring." For the second blank, "called for" means required or necessitated. The safety violations required immediate government intervention. This question tests whether students can recognize when a phrasal verb is NOT appropriate and a simple verb is better.

Why the phrasal verb options don't work for the first blank:
A) throwing away: This could work metaphorically (treating regulations as worthless) but is less precise than "disregarding."
B) doing up: This means renovating, which doesn't fit regulations.
C) cutting off: This means disconnecting or isolating, which doesn't fit the context of violating regulations.

The second blank clearly needs "called for" because violations necessitate intervention.

Exercise 4: Sentence Transformation

Rewrite each sentence using the phrasal verb in parentheses. Keep the meaning the same and use correct grammar.

1. The company cancelled the product launch due to technical problems.
(Use: call off)

2. Scientists attribute the species' extinction to habitat loss and climate change.
(Use: put down to)

3. The constant bad news was making everyone feel depressed and hopeless.
(Use: get down)

4. Once the infection becomes established in the wound, it requires antibiotics.
(Use: set in)

5. The government demolished the unsafe buildings in the old district.
(Use: tear down)

6. She finally accepted the truth that her business was failing.
(Use: face up to)

7. The abbreviation "UNESCO" represents the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
(Use: stand for)

8. They spent six months renovating their farmhouse.
(Use: do up)

9. The firefighters extinguished the blaze before it could spread.
(Use: put out)

10. After an hour, the noise from the protest gradually became quieter.
(Use: die down)

Show Answer Key for Exercise 4

Answer 1:

The company called off the product launch due to technical problems.
OR
The company called the product launch off due to technical problems.

Detailed Explanation:
Both answers are correct because "call off" is a separable phrasal verb. You can place the object ("the product launch") either after both words or between them. The transformation is straightforward: replace "cancelled" with "called off." The rest of the sentence remains identical. "Due to technical problems" explains the reason for the cancellation. In business contexts, "call off" is commonly used for cancelling planned events, launches, meetings, or deals. The past simple tense "called off" matches the original "cancelled" because both describe a completed action in the past. Note that if you used a pronoun instead of the noun, it would HAVE to go in the middle: "called it off" (not "called off it"). The phrase "due to" correctly introduces the reason, and "technical problems" is a common collocation in business English.

Answer 2:

Scientists put the species' extinction down to habitat loss and climate change.

Detailed Explanation:
This transformation requires understanding the fixed structure of "put down to": put + [effect] + down to + [cause(s)]. The effect is "the species' extinction" and the causes are "habitat loss and climate change." The word "attribute" in the original means exactly the same as "put down to"—both mean to assign a cause to an effect. The present simple "put" matches the original "attribute" because both describe current scientific opinion (a general truth). The possessive "species'" (with apostrophe after the 's' because "species" ends in 's') must be maintained. This structure cannot be changed—you cannot say "put down the extinction to" or "put to down the extinction." The causes are connected by "and" because both factors contribute to the extinction. This is typical scientific language where researchers identify multiple contributing factors to a phenomenon.

Answer 3:

The constant bad news was getting everyone down.

Detailed Explanation:
This transformation uses "get (sb) down" with the structure: get + person + down. The subject "the constant bad news" remains the same. The object "everyone" must go between "getting" and "down" because this is a separable phrasal verb and "everyone" is the person being affected. The past continuous "was getting" matches the original "was making...feel" because both describe an ongoing process in the past. The adjectives "depressed and hopeless" from the original are incorporated into the meaning of "getting down," which means to make someone feel sad or depressed. The transformation is more concise—instead of "was making everyone feel depressed and hopeless" (7 words), we have "was getting everyone down" (4 words). The phrasal verb captures the same meaning more efficiently. "Constant bad news" is the cause of the negative emotional state.

Answer 4:

Once the infection sets in in the wound, it requires antibiotics.
OR (better):
Once infection sets in in the wound, it requires antibiotics.

Detailed Explanation:
This transformation replaces "becomes established" with "sets in," which means exactly that—to begin and become established. The present simple "sets in" matches the original "becomes established" because both are used in a time clause after "once" to describe a general truth about infections. Note the awkward repetition of "in" ("sets in in the wound")—this is grammatically correct but stylistically awkward. You could improve it by removing the article: "Once infection sets in in the wound" or by restructuring: "Once the infection sets in, it requires antibiotics" (removing "in the wound" as it's implied). The pronoun "it" refers to the infection, and "requires antibiotics" remains unchanged. "Set in" is commonly used in medical contexts for infections, gangrene, rigor mortis, and other conditions that become established in the body. This is intransitive—"set in" doesn't take an object; the infection itself sets in (becomes established).

Answer 5:

The government tore down the unsafe buildings in the old district.
OR
The government tore the unsafe buildings down in the old district.

Detailed Explanation:
Both answers are correct because "tear down" is separable. The transformation replaces "demolished" with "tore down," which means the same thing—to destroy or remove structures. The past simple "tore" (irregular past of "tear") matches the original "demolished" for a completed past action. The subject "the government" and the rest of the sentence remain unchanged. "Unsafe buildings" is the object being demolished. "In the old district" provides the location. In urban planning and development contexts, "tear down" is commonly used for demolishing buildings, especially when discussing controversial decisions about removing old structures. The phrasal verb is slightly less formal than "demolished," making it more suitable for everyday discussion, while "demolished" might appear more in official reports. Both convey deliberate, complete destruction of structures.

Answer 6:

She finally faced up to the truth that her business was failing.

Detailed Explanation:
This transformation replaces "accepted" with "faced up to," which means to accept something difficult and confront it. This is a three-word inseparable phrasal verb—you cannot say "faced the truth up to" or separate the words. The structure is: face up to + noun/noun clause. The adverb "finally" indicates this acceptance came after a period of denial

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Environmental & General Phrasal Verbs — Complete Tutorial

call for (sth)

call off (sth)

clear up

cut off (sb/sth)

die down

do up (sth)

face up to (sth)

get (sb) down

put (sth) down to (sth)

put out (sth)

set in

stand for (sth)

tear down (sth)

throw away (sth)

Quick Grammar Reference

Practice: Fill in the blanks

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Natural Dialogues

Story: Using All 14 Phrasal Verbs

Extra Practice

Exercise 1: Advanced Gap-Fill with Context Clues

Answer 1:

Answer 2:

Answer 3:

Answer 4:

Answer 5:

Answer 6:

Answer 7:

Answer 8:

Answer 9:

Answer 10:

Exercise 2: Error Correction Challenge

Answer 1:

Answer 2:

Answer 3:

Answer 4:

Answer 5:

Answer 6:

Answer 7:

Answer 8:

Answer 9:

Answer 10:

Exercise 3: Multiple Choice with Nuanced Contexts

Answer 1: A) called for

Answer 2: B) died down

Answer 3: B) put / down to

Answer 4: A) throw away / called off

Answer 5: B) stands for / throw away

Answer 6: A) face up to / getting / down

Answer 7: C) sets in / put out

Answer 8: B) do up / tear / down

Answer 9: C) clear up / puts out

Answer 10: D) disregarding / called for

Exercise 4: Sentence Transformation

Answer 1:

Answer 2:

Answer 3:

Answer 4:

Answer 5:

Answer 6:

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`call for` (sth)

`call off` (sth)

`clear up`

`cut off` (sb/sth)

`die down`

`do up` (sth)

`face up to` (sth)

`get (sb) down`

`put (sth) down to` (sth)

`put out` (sth)

`set in`

`stand for` (sth)

`tear down` (sth)

`throw away` (sth)