PTE Academic Write Essay: Step-by-Step 80+ Score Tutorial (LingExam | Ultra-Interactive)
Welcome! In this advanced tutorial, you’ll master the PTE Academic Write Essay task, focusing on the 'Discuss Both Views' question type.
Sample PTE Task:
Some people think that governments should focus on solving the problems of adults, such as unemployment, while others believe they should focus on the problems of young people, such as education and crime. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Follow each step below. Hover on any step to highlight and reveal Band 8+ strategies and tips.
Sample PTE Task:
Some people think that governments should focus on solving the problems of adults, such as unemployment, while others believe they should focus on the problems of young people, such as education and crime. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Follow each step below. Hover on any step to highlight and reveal Band 8+ strategies and tips.
How to Answer PTE Academic Write Essay: 'Discuss Both Views' in 12 Crucial Steps
1
Read the prompt very carefully and underline all keywords and core instructions. In this example, key phrases include “focus on adults’ problems,” “unemployment,” “focus on young people,” “education and crime,” “discuss both views,” and “give your own opinion.” Ensure you understand you must address both sides and provide your stance clearly. Quickly paraphrase the question in your own words to confirm understanding before planning your answer.
2
Think of convincing reasons and examples for both perspectives. For example, for the adult side: stable workforce, economic contribution, social stability. For youth: long-term impact, education as foundation, crime prevention. Write down at least 2–3 specific points and real-world examples for each side to ensure depth and balance in your essay.
3
Clearly choose which side you agree with (or if you are balanced). Your thesis must directly answer the task. For example: “While adult issues like unemployment are significant, I believe that addressing the problems of young people will yield greater long-term benefits for society.”
4
Use a 4-paragraph structure:
- Introduction (paraphrase + thesis statement)
- Body 1: One view (e.g., adults’ issues)
- Body 2: Other view (e.g., young people’s issues)
- Conclusion (summarise & final opinion)
5
Start with a clear paraphrase of the question and end the introduction with your thesis. For example: “There is ongoing debate about whether government resources should be allocated primarily to adult problems like unemployment or youth challenges such as education and crime. This essay will discuss both viewpoints and explain why I believe the latter is more crucial.”
6
Present and develop the first side in detail. For instance: “Supporters of focusing on adult issues argue that stable employment rates ensure economic growth and reduce social costs.” Add examples and explain the logic fully, using academic language and linking phrases.
7
Present and develop the opposing side. For example: “Others insist that supporting young people is vital, as quality education and effective crime prevention create a stronger foundation for society’s future.” Use real-life or hypothetical examples, and show how these arguments connect to the task.
8
In a discussion essay, your opinion must be unmistakable and fully justified. For instance, explain why you think one side is more important, using evidence, logical reasoning, and strong language: “While supporting adults can deliver short-term stability, investing in youth offers lasting social and economic returns.”
9
Summarise both views and restate your position with new words. For example: “In summary, while tackling adult challenges is essential, prioritising youth development is a more sustainable strategy for governments seeking long-term progress.”
10
Showcase advanced grammar and high-level vocabulary. Use formal synonyms (“allocate resources” instead of “spend money”), passive voice, and a variety of structures (relative clauses, conditionals, etc.) to display your language skills and impress the PTE examiner.
11
Connect your points logically with a range of linking phrases. Use “on the one hand,” “consequently,” “nevertheless,” and “as a result.” Avoid repeating the same word or phrase. This will create coherence and flow throughout your essay.
12
Check your essay for grammar, punctuation, and clarity. Confirm you have addressed all parts of the question, expressed your own view, and used precise academic English. Edit unnecessary repetition and awkward sentences. Aim for 200–300 words (ideal for PTE Academic).
Example Notes & Advanced Tips
Example Introduction: “There is considerable debate about whether government efforts should target adult social issues or prioritise the needs of younger generations. This essay will explore both views and explain why youth-focused solutions are more beneficial in the long run.”
Example Topic Sentences: “Proponents of adult-focused policies emphasise the importance of stable employment for economic prosperity.” “Conversely, those who support youth-centred initiatives highlight the long-term societal benefits of quality education and reduced crime.”
Example Conclusion: “While adult issues deserve attention, governments should focus more resources on resolving challenges faced by young people to secure a thriving future.”
Example Topic Sentences: “Proponents of adult-focused policies emphasise the importance of stable employment for economic prosperity.” “Conversely, those who support youth-centred initiatives highlight the long-term societal benefits of quality education and reduced crime.”
Example Conclusion: “While adult issues deserve attention, governments should focus more resources on resolving challenges faced by young people to secure a thriving future.”
PTE Academic Write Essay
Task:
Some people think that governments should focus on solving the problems of adults, such as unemployment, while others believe they should focus on the problems of young people, such as education and crime.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Write 200–300 words. Present a clear, well-organized essay, fully developing both views and giving your opinion.
Your Essay:
Tip: Make sure your essay discusses both views clearly, gives your opinion, and is within the 200–300 word range. Check for strong structure, precise vocabulary, and logical flow before submitting!
Universal PTE Academic Essay Template: Discuss Both Views
Use this paragraph-by-paragraph and sentence-by-sentence template for any “Discuss Both Views” essay. Memorize the blue text, fill in your topic details where shown, and adapt to the task!
Tap/click each part to show or hide the template.
Tap/click each part to show or hide the template.
Introduction ▼
Sentence 1 (Paraphrase Task):
There is ongoing debate about whether [rephrase topic, e.g., governments should focus on adult or youth problems].
Sentence 2 (Overview Both Sides):
Some people argue that [first side, e.g., adult issues], while others think that [second side, e.g., youth issues] deserve greater attention.
Sentence 3 (Thesis/Opinion):
This essay will discuss both perspectives and explain why I believe [your opinion—choose a side or balance].
There is ongoing debate about whether [rephrase topic, e.g., governments should focus on adult or youth problems].
Sentence 2 (Overview Both Sides):
Some people argue that [first side, e.g., adult issues], while others think that [second side, e.g., youth issues] deserve greater attention.
Sentence 3 (Thesis/Opinion):
This essay will discuss both perspectives and explain why I believe [your opinion—choose a side or balance].
Body Paragraph 1: First Viewpoint ▼
Sentence 1 (Topic sentence):
On the one hand, it is argued that [restate first side].
Sentence 2–3 (Reason + Example):
This is because [reason/logic, e.g., adults drive the economy]. For example, [real-world or hypothetical example].
Sentence 4 (Result or Extension):
Consequently, [explain effect or result of this viewpoint].
On the one hand, it is argued that [restate first side].
Sentence 2–3 (Reason + Example):
This is because [reason/logic, e.g., adults drive the economy]. For example, [real-world or hypothetical example].
Sentence 4 (Result or Extension):
Consequently, [explain effect or result of this viewpoint].
Body Paragraph 2: Second Viewpoint ▼
Sentence 1 (Topic sentence):
On the other hand, many believe that [restate second side].
Sentence 2–3 (Reason + Example):
A key argument is that [reason/logic, e.g., investment in youth ensures long-term growth]. For instance, [real-world or hypothetical example].
Sentence 4 (Result or Extension):
As a result, [explain benefit or impact of this approach].
On the other hand, many believe that [restate second side].
Sentence 2–3 (Reason + Example):
A key argument is that [reason/logic, e.g., investment in youth ensures long-term growth]. For instance, [real-world or hypothetical example].
Sentence 4 (Result or Extension):
As a result, [explain benefit or impact of this approach].
Conclusion & Opinion ▼
Sentence 1 (Summarise Both Views):
In conclusion, while both [summarise sides, e.g., adult and youth issues] are important,
Sentence 2 (Restate Opinion in Fresh Words):
I believe that [restate your main opinion, e.g., addressing youth issues brings greater long-term benefit].
In conclusion, while both [summarise sides, e.g., adult and youth issues] are important,
Sentence 2 (Restate Opinion in Fresh Words):
I believe that [restate your main opinion, e.g., addressing youth issues brings greater long-term benefit].
Band 9+ Model Answer & Step-by-Step Explanations
Read this Band 9+ sample essay, exactly sentence-by-sentence as shown in the universal template above. Click/tap each section to reveal the model answer and a detailed breakdown of what makes each sentence high-scoring for PTE Academic.
Introduction ▼
Sentence 1 (Paraphrase Task):
There is ongoing debate about whether governments should prioritise resolving the challenges faced by adults, such as unemployment, or focus on the problems of young people, including education and crime.
There is ongoing debate about whether governments should prioritise resolving the challenges faced by adults, such as unemployment, or focus on the problems of young people, including education and crime.
Explanation: This sentence paraphrases the entire prompt, using synonyms ("prioritise", "resolving", "challenges faced by adults", "problems of young people") and advanced noun phrases to show a wide lexical range and accurate understanding of the question.
Sentence 2 (Overview Both Sides):
Some people argue that government efforts should be devoted to issues such as adult unemployment, while others think that more attention must be given to supporting youth through education and crime prevention.
Some people argue that government efforts should be devoted to issues such as adult unemployment, while others think that more attention must be given to supporting youth through education and crime prevention.
Explanation: This sentence clearly introduces both perspectives using precise academic collocations ("devoted to issues", "supporting youth through education and crime prevention"), and shows the ability to reformulate the original task.
Sentence 3 (Thesis/Opinion):
This essay will discuss both perspectives and explain why I believe that addressing the needs of young people is ultimately more beneficial for society as a whole.
This essay will discuss both perspectives and explain why I believe that addressing the needs of young people is ultimately more beneficial for society as a whole.
Explanation: This thesis statement makes the essay’s position explicit, uses hedging ("ultimately more beneficial"), and demonstrates task fulfillment for PTE’s communicative requirement.
Body Paragraph 1: First Viewpoint ▼
Sentence 1 (Topic Sentence):
On the one hand, it is argued that prioritising adult concerns, particularly unemployment, can lead to greater economic stability.
On the one hand, it is argued that prioritising adult concerns, particularly unemployment, can lead to greater economic stability.
Explanation: The topic sentence restates the first side and uses precise collocations ("prioritising adult concerns", "economic stability"). Clear focus and coherence are demonstrated from the outset.
Sentence 2–3 (Reason + Example):
This is because adults form the backbone of the workforce, and widespread unemployment can undermine national productivity. For example, when large numbers of adults are out of work, consumer spending decreases, which negatively impacts businesses and the economy.
This is because adults form the backbone of the workforce, and widespread unemployment can undermine national productivity. For example, when large numbers of adults are out of work, consumer spending decreases, which negatively impacts businesses and the economy.
Explanation: These sentences develop the reason logically, with clear cause-effect language and a real-world example. "Backbone of the workforce", "undermine national productivity", and "consumer spending decreases" are advanced expressions that demonstrate academic style.
Sentence 4 (Result or Extension):
Consequently, supporters of this view believe that reducing adult unemployment should be a government’s top priority to ensure societal well-being.
Consequently, supporters of this view believe that reducing adult unemployment should be a government’s top priority to ensure societal well-being.
Explanation: The final sentence explains the logic and outcome, using linking words ("Consequently", "should be a top priority") and connecting back to the overall topic.
Body Paragraph 2: Second Viewpoint ▼
Sentence 1 (Topic Sentence):
On the other hand, many believe that investing in young people yields greater long-term benefits for society.
On the other hand, many believe that investing in young people yields greater long-term benefits for society.
Explanation: The sentence signals the shift to the opposing viewpoint with "On the other hand" and uses formal verbs ("investing in", "yields greater long-term benefits") to introduce the second side with clarity.
Sentence 2–3 (Reason + Example):
A key argument is that quality education and effective crime prevention equip youth to become productive adults. For instance, countries that prioritise youth development often experience lower crime rates and higher levels of innovation in the future.
A key argument is that quality education and effective crime prevention equip youth to become productive adults. For instance, countries that prioritise youth development often experience lower crime rates and higher levels of innovation in the future.
Explanation: These sentences build a logical, evidence-based argument, integrating advanced collocations ("equip youth", "prioritise youth development") and real/hypothetical data ("lower crime rates", "higher levels of innovation").
Sentence 4 (Result or Extension):
As a result, advocates of this perspective contend that supporting the younger generation secures long-term progress and prosperity for the nation.
As a result, advocates of this perspective contend that supporting the younger generation secures long-term progress and prosperity for the nation.
Explanation: The final sentence reinforces the point with "As a result", summarising the consequence and linking it back to the government’s role and the essay topic.
Conclusion & Opinion ▼
Sentence 1 (Summarise Both Views):
In conclusion, while both adult and youth issues are important for national development,
In conclusion, while both adult and youth issues are important for national development,
Explanation: This sentence summarises the main perspectives in balanced, academic language, and uses a complex structure ("while both ... are important for ...").
Sentence 2 (Restate Opinion):
I believe that governments should focus primarily on addressing the needs of young people, as this strategy brings more substantial long-term benefits for society.
I believe that governments should focus primarily on addressing the needs of young people, as this strategy brings more substantial long-term benefits for society.
Explanation: The final sentence restates the essay's opinion using new language ("focus primarily", "brings more substantial long-term benefits"), thus ensuring cohesion, clarity, and communicative strength.
Full Band 9 Model Essay (Copy-Ready)
There is ongoing debate about whether governments should prioritise resolving the challenges faced by adults, such as unemployment, or focus on the problems of young people, including education and crime.
Some people argue that government efforts should be devoted to issues such as adult unemployment, while others think that more attention must be given to supporting youth through education and crime prevention.
This essay will discuss both perspectives and explain why I believe that addressing the needs of young people is ultimately more beneficial for society as a whole.
On the one hand, it is argued that prioritising adult concerns, particularly unemployment, can lead to greater economic stability. This is because adults form the backbone of the workforce, and widespread unemployment can undermine national productivity. For example, when large numbers of adults are out of work, consumer spending decreases, which negatively impacts businesses and the economy. Consequently, supporters of this view believe that reducing adult unemployment should be a government’s top priority to ensure societal well-being.
On the other hand, many believe that investing in young people yields greater long-term benefits for society. A key argument is that quality education and effective crime prevention equip youth to become productive adults. For instance, countries that prioritise youth development often experience lower crime rates and higher levels of innovation in the future. As a result, advocates of this perspective contend that supporting the younger generation secures long-term progress and prosperity for the nation.
In conclusion, while both adult and youth issues are important for national development, I believe that governments should focus primarily on addressing the needs of young people, as this strategy brings more substantial long-term benefits for society.
Some people argue that government efforts should be devoted to issues such as adult unemployment, while others think that more attention must be given to supporting youth through education and crime prevention.
This essay will discuss both perspectives and explain why I believe that addressing the needs of young people is ultimately more beneficial for society as a whole.
On the one hand, it is argued that prioritising adult concerns, particularly unemployment, can lead to greater economic stability. This is because adults form the backbone of the workforce, and widespread unemployment can undermine national productivity. For example, when large numbers of adults are out of work, consumer spending decreases, which negatively impacts businesses and the economy. Consequently, supporters of this view believe that reducing adult unemployment should be a government’s top priority to ensure societal well-being.
On the other hand, many believe that investing in young people yields greater long-term benefits for society. A key argument is that quality education and effective crime prevention equip youth to become productive adults. For instance, countries that prioritise youth development often experience lower crime rates and higher levels of innovation in the future. As a result, advocates of this perspective contend that supporting the younger generation secures long-term progress and prosperity for the nation.
In conclusion, while both adult and youth issues are important for national development, I believe that governments should focus primarily on addressing the needs of young people, as this strategy brings more substantial long-term benefits for society.
20 Crucial Words for This PTE Essay
Master these advanced academic words used in the model answer and topic. Tap/click each word for details, example, and usage notes. Practise these to improve your score!
prioritise / prioritize ▼
Phonetics: /praɪˈɒr.ɪ.taɪz/ (BrE), /praɪˈɔːr.ə.taɪz/ (AmE)
Part of speech: verb
Pattern: prioritise/prioritize + noun (task, problem, issue)
Definition: To treat something as more important than other things.
Example: “Governments should prioritise the needs of young people to ensure future stability.”
Common synonym: focus on, give precedence to
Common mistakes: Using “priority” as a verb; spelling (“prioratise”).
Part of speech: verb
Pattern: prioritise/prioritize + noun (task, problem, issue)
Definition: To treat something as more important than other things.
Example: “Governments should prioritise the needs of young people to ensure future stability.”
Common synonym: focus on, give precedence to
Common mistakes: Using “priority” as a verb; spelling (“prioratise”).
sustainable ▼
Phonetics: /səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl/ (BrE & AmE)
Part of speech: adjective
Pattern: sustainable development/growth/benefit
Definition: Able to continue over a long period; not causing harm for the future.
Example: “Focusing on youth provides sustainable benefits for society.”
Common synonym: long-lasting, viable
Common mistakes: Using for “sustain” (verb); using “sustainability” (noun) incorrectly.
Part of speech: adjective
Pattern: sustainable development/growth/benefit
Definition: Able to continue over a long period; not causing harm for the future.
Example: “Focusing on youth provides sustainable benefits for society.”
Common synonym: long-lasting, viable
Common mistakes: Using for “sustain” (verb); using “sustainability” (noun) incorrectly.
workforce ▼
Phonetics: /ˈwɜːk.fɔːs/ (BrE), /ˈwɝːk.fɔːrs/ (AmE)
Part of speech: noun
Pattern: the workforce; skilled workforce
Definition: All the people who work for a country or organisation.
Example: “Adults form the backbone of the national workforce.”
Common synonym: labour force
Common mistakes: Spelling (“work force”).
Part of speech: noun
Pattern: the workforce; skilled workforce
Definition: All the people who work for a country or organisation.
Example: “Adults form the backbone of the national workforce.”
Common synonym: labour force
Common mistakes: Spelling (“work force”).
implement ▼
Phonetics: /ˈɪm.plɪ.ment/ (BrE & AmE)
Part of speech: verb
Pattern: implement a policy/plan/strategy
Definition: To put a plan or system into operation.
Example: “Governments should implement effective job-creation policies.”
Common synonym: carry out, execute
Common mistakes: Using as a noun in this context.
Part of speech: verb
Pattern: implement a policy/plan/strategy
Definition: To put a plan or system into operation.
Example: “Governments should implement effective job-creation policies.”
Common synonym: carry out, execute
Common mistakes: Using as a noun in this context.
stability ▼
Phonetics: /stəˈbɪl.ə.ti/ (BrE), /stəˈbɪl.ə.t̬i/ (AmE)
Part of speech: noun
Pattern: economic/social/political stability
Definition: A situation where things are not likely to change suddenly.
Example: “Adult employment leads to economic stability.”
Common synonym: steadiness, security
Common mistakes: Using as an adjective (“stabil”).
Part of speech: noun
Pattern: economic/social/political stability
Definition: A situation where things are not likely to change suddenly.
Example: “Adult employment leads to economic stability.”
Common synonym: steadiness, security
Common mistakes: Using as an adjective (“stabil”).
dependency ▼
Phonetics: /dɪˈpen.dən.si/ (BrE & AmE)
Part of speech: noun
Pattern: dependency on/upon
Definition: The state of relying on something or someone.
Example: “Reducing unemployment lowers dependency on social welfare.”
Common synonym: reliance
Common mistakes: “dependance” (incorrect spelling).
Part of speech: noun
Pattern: dependency on/upon
Definition: The state of relying on something or someone.
Example: “Reducing unemployment lowers dependency on social welfare.”
Common synonym: reliance
Common mistakes: “dependance” (incorrect spelling).
delinquency ▼
Phonetics: /dɪˈlɪŋ.kwən.si/ (BrE & AmE)
Part of speech: noun
Pattern: juvenile delinquency
Definition: Bad or criminal behaviour, usually by young people.
Example: “Education can help prevent juvenile delinquency.”
Common synonym: misconduct, wrongdoing
Common mistakes: Spelling (“delinquant”).
Part of speech: noun
Pattern: juvenile delinquency
Definition: Bad or criminal behaviour, usually by young people.
Example: “Education can help prevent juvenile delinquency.”
Common synonym: misconduct, wrongdoing
Common mistakes: Spelling (“delinquant”).
prosperous ▼
Phonetics: /ˈprɒs.pər.əs/ (BrE), /ˈprɑː.spɚ.əs/ (AmE)
Part of speech: adjective
Pattern: prosperous future/economy/society
Definition: Successful, usually by earning a lot of money or having good conditions.
Example: “Education is key to a prosperous future.”
Common synonym: wealthy, flourishing
Common mistakes: Using as a noun (“prosperity” is the noun).
Part of speech: adjective
Pattern: prosperous future/economy/society
Definition: Successful, usually by earning a lot of money or having good conditions.
Example: “Education is key to a prosperous future.”
Common synonym: wealthy, flourishing
Common mistakes: Using as a noun (“prosperity” is the noun).
innovator ▼
Phonetics: /ˈɪn.ə.veɪ.tər/ (BrE), /ˈɪn.ə.veɪ.tɚ/ (AmE)
Part of speech: noun
Pattern: next generation of innovators
Definition: Someone who introduces new ideas or methods.
Example: “Supporting youth means nurturing future innovators.”
Common synonym: pioneer, trailblazer
Common mistakes: Using for general “student” (innovator is more specific).
Part of speech: noun
Pattern: next generation of innovators
Definition: Someone who introduces new ideas or methods.
Example: “Supporting youth means nurturing future innovators.”
Common synonym: pioneer, trailblazer
Common mistakes: Using for general “student” (innovator is more specific).
resilience ▼
Phonetics: /rɪˈzɪl.jəns/ (BrE), /rɪˈzɪl.jəns/ (AmE)
Part of speech: noun
Pattern: economic/social/personal resilience
Definition: The ability to recover from difficulties.
Example: “Educated youth contribute to the resilience of a nation.”
Common synonym: toughness, adaptability
Common mistakes: “resiliency” is less common in academic English.
Part of speech: noun
Pattern: economic/social/personal resilience
Definition: The ability to recover from difficulties.
Example: “Educated youth contribute to the resilience of a nation.”
Common synonym: toughness, adaptability
Common mistakes: “resiliency” is less common in academic English.
allocate ▼
Phonetics: /ˈæl.ə.keɪt/ (BrE & AmE)
Part of speech: verb
Pattern: allocate resources/funds/time
Definition: To give something officially to someone or for a particular purpose.
Example: “Governments must allocate resources wisely.”
Common synonym: assign, distribute
Common mistakes: Using “allocate to” incorrectly (should be “allocate something to someone”).
Part of speech: verb
Pattern: allocate resources/funds/time
Definition: To give something officially to someone or for a particular purpose.
Example: “Governments must allocate resources wisely.”
Common synonym: assign, distribute
Common mistakes: Using “allocate to” incorrectly (should be “allocate something to someone”).
foundation ▼
Phonetics: /faʊnˈdeɪ.ʃən/ (BrE & AmE)
Part of speech: noun
Pattern: lay/build/provide a foundation
Definition: The basic part of something from which everything else develops.
Example: “Education is the foundation of success.”
Common synonym: basis, groundwork
Common mistakes: Confusing with “fundation” (incorrect spelling).
Part of speech: noun
Pattern: lay/build/provide a foundation
Definition: The basic part of something from which everything else develops.
Example: “Education is the foundation of success.”
Common synonym: basis, groundwork
Common mistakes: Confusing with “fundation” (incorrect spelling).
prevention ▼
Phonetics: /prɪˈven.ʃən/ (BrE & AmE)
Part of speech: noun
Pattern: crime/illness prevention
Definition: The act of stopping something from happening.
Example: “Crime prevention should be a priority for governments.”
Common synonym: deterrence, avoidance
Common mistakes: Using as a verb (“prevent” is the verb).
Part of speech: noun
Pattern: crime/illness prevention
Definition: The act of stopping something from happening.
Example: “Crime prevention should be a priority for governments.”
Common synonym: deterrence, avoidance
Common mistakes: Using as a verb (“prevent” is the verb).
equip ▼
Phonetics: /ɪˈkwɪp/ (BrE & AmE)
Part of speech: verb
Pattern: equip someone with
Definition: To give someone the skills or abilities they need.
Example: “Good education equips young people with necessary skills.”
Common synonym: prepare, provide
Common mistakes: Using “equip to” instead of “equip with.”
Part of speech: verb
Pattern: equip someone with
Definition: To give someone the skills or abilities they need.
Example: “Good education equips young people with necessary skills.”
Common synonym: prepare, provide
Common mistakes: Using “equip to” instead of “equip with.”
citizen ▼
Phonetics: /ˈsɪt.ɪ.zən/ (BrE), /ˈsɪt̬.ə.zən/ (AmE)
Part of speech: noun
Pattern: responsible citizen; global citizen
Definition: A person who legally belongs to a country and has rights and responsibilities.
Example: “Educated youth become responsible citizens.”
Common synonym: resident, member of society
Common mistakes: Spelling (“citisen”).
Part of speech: noun
Pattern: responsible citizen; global citizen
Definition: A person who legally belongs to a country and has rights and responsibilities.
Example: “Educated youth become responsible citizens.”
Common synonym: resident, member of society
Common mistakes: Spelling (“citisen”).
unemployment ▼
Phonetics: /ˌʌn.ɪmˈplɔɪ.mənt/ (BrE & AmE)
Part of speech: noun
Pattern: high/low unemployment
Definition: The state of not having a job.
Example: “Governments must reduce unemployment among adults.”
Common synonym: joblessness
Common mistakes: Spelling (“unemployement”).
Part of speech: noun
Pattern: high/low unemployment
Definition: The state of not having a job.
Example: “Governments must reduce unemployment among adults.”
Common synonym: joblessness
Common mistakes: Spelling (“unemployement”).
dependency ▼
Phonetics: /dɪˈpen.dən.si/ (BrE & AmE)
Part of speech: noun
Pattern: dependency on/upon
Definition: The state of relying on someone or something.
Example: “Reducing unemployment lowers dependency on social welfare.”
Common synonym: reliance
Common mistakes: “dependance” (incorrect spelling).
Part of speech: noun
Pattern: dependency on/upon
Definition: The state of relying on someone or something.
Example: “Reducing unemployment lowers dependency on social welfare.”
Common synonym: reliance
Common mistakes: “dependance” (incorrect spelling).
nation ▼
Phonetics: /ˈneɪ.ʃən/ (BrE & AmE)
Part of speech: noun
Pattern: nation’s future; developed nation
Definition: A large group of people living in one country with its own government.
Example: “Supporting youth secures a nation’s future.”
Common synonym: country, state
Common mistakes: Using “national” (adjective) instead of “nation.”
Part of speech: noun
Pattern: nation’s future; developed nation
Definition: A large group of people living in one country with its own government.
Example: “Supporting youth secures a nation’s future.”
Common synonym: country, state
Common mistakes: Using “national” (adjective) instead of “nation.”
prosperity ▼
Phonetics: /prɒsˈper.ə.ti/ (BrE), /prɑːˈsper.ə.t̬i/ (AmE)
Part of speech: noun
Pattern: sustainable/long-term prosperity
Definition: The state of being successful and having a lot of money.
Example: “Investing in education leads to national prosperity.”
Common synonym: wealth, success
Common mistakes: Using “prosperous” (adjective) for a noun.
Part of speech: noun
Pattern: sustainable/long-term prosperity
Definition: The state of being successful and having a lot of money.
Example: “Investing in education leads to national prosperity.”
Common synonym: wealth, success
Common mistakes: Using “prosperous” (adjective) for a noun.
foundation ▼
Phonetics: /faʊnˈdeɪ.ʃən/ (BrE & AmE)
Part of speech: noun
Pattern: lay/build/provide a foundation
Definition: The basic part of something from which everything else develops.
Example: “Education is the foundation of a strong society.”
Common synonym: basis, groundwork
Common mistakes: Spelling (“fundation”).
Part of speech: noun
Pattern: lay/build/provide a foundation
Definition: The basic part of something from which everything else develops.
Example: “Education is the foundation of a strong society.”
Common synonym: basis, groundwork
Common mistakes: Spelling (“fundation”).
20 Crucial Phrases & Expressions for PTE Essay
Learn the most powerful expressions to discuss, compare, and analyse both sides in your PTE essay. Tap/click each phrase for full meaning, example, and usage notes!
on the one hand / on the other hand ▼
Phonetics: /ɒn ðə wʌn hænd/ (BrE), /ɑːn ðə wʌn hænd/ (AmE)
Part of speech: linking phrase
Pattern: On the one hand, ... On the other hand, ...
Definition: Used to introduce contrasting points of view.
Example: “On the one hand, some argue for adult issues; on the other hand, others prioritise youth problems.”
Common synonym: conversely, in contrast
Common mistakes: Using “in one hand” (incorrect).
Part of speech: linking phrase
Pattern: On the one hand, ... On the other hand, ...
Definition: Used to introduce contrasting points of view.
Example: “On the one hand, some argue for adult issues; on the other hand, others prioritise youth problems.”
Common synonym: conversely, in contrast
Common mistakes: Using “in one hand” (incorrect).
lay the groundwork (for) ▼
Phonetics: /leɪ ðə ˈɡraʊnd.wɜːk/ (BrE & AmE)
Part of speech: verb phrase
Pattern: lay the groundwork for something
Definition: To create the basic conditions for future success.
Example: “Education lays the groundwork for a prosperous nation.”
Common synonym: establish a foundation
Common mistakes: Using “make groundwork.”
Part of speech: verb phrase
Pattern: lay the groundwork for something
Definition: To create the basic conditions for future success.
Example: “Education lays the groundwork for a prosperous nation.”
Common synonym: establish a foundation
Common mistakes: Using “make groundwork.”
address an issue/problem ▼
Phonetics: /əˈdres ən ˈɪʃuː/ (BrE & AmE)
Part of speech: verb phrase
Pattern: address + noun (issue, problem, concern)
Definition: To deal with or tackle a problem.
Example: “Governments must address unemployment.”
Common synonym: tackle, confront
Common mistakes: Using “address to” (incorrect).
Part of speech: verb phrase
Pattern: address + noun (issue, problem, concern)
Definition: To deal with or tackle a problem.
Example: “Governments must address unemployment.”
Common synonym: tackle, confront
Common mistakes: Using “address to” (incorrect).
bring about (positive/negative) change ▼
Phonetics: /brɪŋ əˈbaʊt/ (BrE & AmE)
Part of speech: verb phrase
Pattern: bring about + noun
Definition: To cause something to happen.
Example: “Investment in youth can bring about lasting change.”
Common synonym: cause, lead to
Common mistakes: Using “make about.”
Part of speech: verb phrase
Pattern: bring about + noun
Definition: To cause something to happen.
Example: “Investment in youth can bring about lasting change.”
Common synonym: cause, lead to
Common mistakes: Using “make about.”
in the long run ▼
Phonetics: /ɪn ðə lɒŋ rʌn/ (BrE), /ɪn ðə lɔːŋ rʌn/ (AmE)
Part of speech: adverbial phrase
Pattern: in the long run
Definition: Over a long period of time; eventually.
Example: “Focusing on youth is more beneficial in the long run.”
Common synonym: eventually
Common mistakes: “in long run” (missing “the”).
Part of speech: adverbial phrase
Pattern: in the long run
Definition: Over a long period of time; eventually.
Example: “Focusing on youth is more beneficial in the long run.”
Common synonym: eventually
Common mistakes: “in long run” (missing “the”).
the backbone of (something) ▼
Phonetics: /ðə ˈbæk.bəʊn/ (BrE), /ðə ˈbæk.boʊn/ (AmE)
Part of speech: noun phrase
Pattern: the backbone of + noun
Definition: The most important part; main support.
Example: “Adults are the backbone of the workforce.”
Common synonym: pillar, mainstay
Common mistakes: Using “boneback.”
Part of speech: noun phrase
Pattern: the backbone of + noun
Definition: The most important part; main support.
Example: “Adults are the backbone of the workforce.”
Common synonym: pillar, mainstay
Common mistakes: Using “boneback.”
devote resources to ▼
Phonetics: /dɪˈvəʊt rɪˈzɔːsɪz tuː/ (BrE), /dɪˈvoʊt rɪˈzɔːrsɪz tuː/ (AmE)
Part of speech: verb phrase
Pattern: devote resources/time/energy to
Definition: To give resources for a specific purpose.
Example: “Governments should devote resources to education.”
Common synonym: allocate, assign
Common mistakes: Using “devote for.”
Part of speech: verb phrase
Pattern: devote resources/time/energy to
Definition: To give resources for a specific purpose.
Example: “Governments should devote resources to education.”
Common synonym: allocate, assign
Common mistakes: Using “devote for.”
bring up (a point/argument) ▼
Phonetics: /brɪŋ ʌp/ (BrE & AmE)
Part of speech: phrasal verb
Pattern: bring up + noun
Definition: To mention or introduce a topic.
Example: “Supporters often bring up the impact on the economy.”
Common synonym: raise, mention
Common mistakes: Confusing with “raise up” (not the same).
Part of speech: phrasal verb
Pattern: bring up + noun
Definition: To mention or introduce a topic.
Example: “Supporters often bring up the impact on the economy.”
Common synonym: raise, mention
Common mistakes: Confusing with “raise up” (not the same).
in light of (something) ▼
Phonetics: /ɪn laɪt ɒv/ (BrE), /ɪn laɪt ʌv/ (AmE)
Part of speech: prepositional phrase
Pattern: in light of + noun
Definition: Because of; considering something.
Example: “In light of rising youth crime, more prevention is needed.”
Common synonym: considering
Common mistakes: Using “on light of.”
Part of speech: prepositional phrase
Pattern: in light of + noun
Definition: Because of; considering something.
Example: “In light of rising youth crime, more prevention is needed.”
Common synonym: considering
Common mistakes: Using “on light of.”
play a vital role (in) ▼
Phonetics: /pleɪ ə ˈvaɪ.təl rəʊl/ (BrE), /pleɪ ə ˈvaɪ.t̬əl roʊl/ (AmE)
Part of speech: verb phrase
Pattern: play a vital/key/major role in
Definition: To be very important for something.
Example: “Education plays a vital role in national prosperity.”
Common synonym: be crucial/essential
Common mistakes: Using “make a role.”
Part of speech: verb phrase
Pattern: play a vital/key/major role in
Definition: To be very important for something.
Example: “Education plays a vital role in national prosperity.”
Common synonym: be crucial/essential
Common mistakes: Using “make a role.”
lead to (positive/negative) outcomes ▼
Phonetics: /liːd tuː ˈaʊt.kʌmz/ (BrE & AmE)
Part of speech: verb phrase
Pattern: lead to + result/outcome
Definition: To cause something to happen.
Example: “Investing in youth leads to positive outcomes for society.”
Common synonym: result in, cause
Common mistakes: Using “lead with.”
Part of speech: verb phrase
Pattern: lead to + result/outcome
Definition: To cause something to happen.
Example: “Investing in youth leads to positive outcomes for society.”
Common synonym: result in, cause
Common mistakes: Using “lead with.”
in terms of ▼
Phonetics: /ɪn tɜːmz ɒv/ (BrE), /ɪn tɝːmz ʌv/ (AmE)
Part of speech: prepositional phrase
Pattern: in terms of + noun
Definition: With regard to; concerning.
Example: “The policy was effective in terms of reducing unemployment.”
Common synonym: regarding, concerning
Common mistakes: Using “on terms of.”
Part of speech: prepositional phrase
Pattern: in terms of + noun
Definition: With regard to; concerning.
Example: “The policy was effective in terms of reducing unemployment.”
Common synonym: regarding, concerning
Common mistakes: Using “on terms of.”
as a result ▼
Phonetics: /əz ə rɪˈzʌlt/ (BrE & AmE)
Part of speech: linking phrase
Pattern: as a result, ...
Definition: Therefore; because of what happened before.
Example: “As a result, youth unemployment rates decreased.”
Common synonym: consequently
Common mistakes: Spelling (“as result”).
Part of speech: linking phrase
Pattern: as a result, ...
Definition: Therefore; because of what happened before.
Example: “As a result, youth unemployment rates decreased.”
Common synonym: consequently
Common mistakes: Spelling (“as result”).
in summary / to sum up ▼
Phonetics: /ɪn ˈsʌm.ər.i/ (BrE), /tuː sʌm ʌp/ (AmE)
Part of speech: linking phrase
Pattern: In summary, ... / To sum up, ...
Definition: Used to begin a conclusion or summary.
Example: “In summary, both views deserve attention.”
Common synonym: in conclusion
Common mistakes: “Summing up” (not idiomatic for essays).
Part of speech: linking phrase
Pattern: In summary, ... / To sum up, ...
Definition: Used to begin a conclusion or summary.
Example: “In summary, both views deserve attention.”
Common synonym: in conclusion
Common mistakes: “Summing up” (not idiomatic for essays).
lay a foundation (for) ▼
Phonetics: /leɪ ə faʊnˈdeɪ.ʃən/ (BrE & AmE)
Part of speech: verb phrase
Pattern: lay/build/provide a foundation for
Definition: To create the basis for something to develop.
Example: “Education lays a strong foundation for success.”
Common synonym: establish, underpin
Common mistakes: “Make a foundation.”
Part of speech: verb phrase
Pattern: lay/build/provide a foundation for
Definition: To create the basis for something to develop.
Example: “Education lays a strong foundation for success.”
Common synonym: establish, underpin
Common mistakes: “Make a foundation.”
the next generation ▼
Phonetics: /ðə nekst ˌdʒen.əˈreɪ.ʃən/ (BrE & AmE)
Part of speech: noun phrase
Pattern: the next generation of + noun
Definition: People who will live after the current group.
Example: “Policies must benefit the next generation.”
Common synonym: future citizens
Common mistakes: Plural (“generations”) if only one is meant.
Part of speech: noun phrase
Pattern: the next generation of + noun
Definition: People who will live after the current group.
Example: “Policies must benefit the next generation.”
Common synonym: future citizens
Common mistakes: Plural (“generations”) if only one is meant.
in order to ▼
Phonetics: /ɪn ˈɔː.dər tuː/ (BrE), /ɪn ˈɔːr.dɚ tuː/ (AmE)
Part of speech: linking phrase
Pattern: in order to + verb
Definition: So as to; for the purpose of.
Example: “Governments invest in education in order to reduce crime.”
Common synonym: so as to
Common mistakes: “in order for to.”
Part of speech: linking phrase
Pattern: in order to + verb
Definition: So as to; for the purpose of.
Example: “Governments invest in education in order to reduce crime.”
Common synonym: so as to
Common mistakes: “in order for to.”
bring to light ▼
Phonetics: /brɪŋ tuː laɪt/ (BrE & AmE)
Part of speech: verb phrase
Pattern: bring to light + issue/problem
Definition: To make something known or public.
Example: “Recent events brought youth unemployment to light.”
Common synonym: reveal, expose
Common mistakes: “light up” (different meaning).
Part of speech: verb phrase
Pattern: bring to light + issue/problem
Definition: To make something known or public.
Example: “Recent events brought youth unemployment to light.”
Common synonym: reveal, expose
Common mistakes: “light up” (different meaning).
have a duty to ▼
Phonetics: /hæv ə ˈdjuː.ti tuː/ (BrE), /hæv ə ˈduː.ti tuː/ (AmE)
Part of speech: verb phrase
Pattern: have a duty to + verb
Definition: To be morally or legally responsible for something.
Example: “Governments have a duty to protect citizens.”
Common synonym: be responsible for
Common mistakes: “have duty for.”
Part of speech: verb phrase
Pattern: have a duty to + verb
Definition: To be morally or legally responsible for something.
Example: “Governments have a duty to protect citizens.”
Common synonym: be responsible for
Common mistakes: “have duty for.”
secure a future ▼
Phonetics: /sɪˈkjʊər ə ˈfjʊ.tʃər/ (BrE), /sɪˈkjʊr ə ˈfjuː.tʃɚ/ (AmE)
Part of speech: verb phrase
Pattern: secure a/one’s future
Definition: To make sure that the future is safe or successful.
Example: “Investing in education secures a nation’s future.”
Common synonym: guarantee, ensure
Common mistakes: Using “save a future” (different meaning).
Part of speech: verb phrase
Pattern: secure a/one’s future
Definition: To make sure that the future is safe or successful.
Example: “Investing in education secures a nation’s future.”
Common synonym: guarantee, ensure
Common mistakes: Using “save a future” (different meaning).
Interactive Practice: PTE Task Vocabulary & Expressions (Exercise 1)
Test your understanding of the most important words and phrases from this lesson! Select the best answer for each question and get instant, expert feedback after every choice.
Interactive Practice: PTE Task Vocabulary & Expressions (Exercise 2)
Practice even more! Choose the best answer for each question. Instantly see the correct answer in green and learn from the detailed explanation.
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