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IELTS Academic Reading Sample Test – Matching Information Question Type with deep answer key – Sample No. 2
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July 19, 2025
IELTS Reading: Matching Information Tutorial
How to Answer “Matching Information” Questions in IELTS (Step-by-Step)
1
Understand the Question Type:
“Matching Information” requires you to find which paragraph in the passage contains specific details, facts, or ideas given as separate statements. Focus on locating particular information—not just the overall topic.
“Matching Information” requires you to find which paragraph in the passage contains specific details, facts, or ideas given as separate statements. Focus on locating particular information—not just the overall topic.
2
Preview the Information Statements:
Before reading the passage, carefully read through all the statements. Notice keywords, dates, names, or phrases that will help you scan the passage efficiently.
Before reading the passage, carefully read through all the statements. Notice keywords, dates, names, or phrases that will help you scan the passage efficiently.
3
Skim the Passage for Structure:
Quickly read the passage (especially the first sentences of each paragraph) to get a general idea of what each paragraph is about. Do not read for details yet.
Quickly read the passage (especially the first sentences of each paragraph) to get a general idea of what each paragraph is about. Do not read for details yet.
4
Highlight or Note Keywords:
For each information statement, underline or mentally note the main keywords. Think about possible synonyms or paraphrased forms that might be used in the passage.
For each information statement, underline or mentally note the main keywords. Think about possible synonyms or paraphrased forms that might be used in the passage.
5
Scan Paragraphs for Details:
Now scan each paragraph for your keywords or related ideas. Move your finger, pen, or cursor quickly across the text to spot possible matches.
Now scan each paragraph for your keywords or related ideas. Move your finger, pen, or cursor quickly across the text to spot possible matches.
6
Check for Complete Match:
Make sure the paragraph covers all parts of the statement, not just one. Sometimes a keyword appears, but the idea is incomplete.
Make sure the paragraph covers all parts of the statement, not just one. Sometimes a keyword appears, but the idea is incomplete.
7
Watch for Distractors:
Some paragraphs mention related ideas but not the full detail required. Don’t be misled—match the specific information.
Some paragraphs mention related ideas but not the full detail required. Don’t be misled—match the specific information.
8
Use Process of Elimination:
If unsure, eliminate paragraphs that do not fit. Narrow your options logically, especially for more difficult statements.
If unsure, eliminate paragraphs that do not fit. Narrow your options logically, especially for more difficult statements.
9
Be Aware of Paraphrasing:
IELTS rarely uses the same words in the passage and the questions. Always think about what the meaning could be, not just the words!
IELTS rarely uses the same words in the passage and the questions. Always think about what the meaning could be, not just the words!
10
Double-Check Before Submitting:
Once you finish, review each answer. Re-skim the passage and make sure your matches are the best fit for every detail. Don’t rush!
Once you finish, review each answer. Re-skim the passage and make sure your matches are the best fit for every detail. Don’t rush!
Example:
Information Statement:
“A mention of a policy that caused recycling rates to increase dramatically.”
Passage (Paragraph C): “After the government launched the new program in 2010, recycling rose by 35% within one year.”
Correct Answer: C
“A mention of a policy that caused recycling rates to increase dramatically.”
Passage (Paragraph C): “After the government launched the new program in 2010, recycling rose by 35% within one year.”
Correct Answer: C
Reading Passage: The Digital Tapestry: How Computers Shaped Human Life
Paragraph A
In little more than half a century, computers have become the invisible threads weaving through every aspect of contemporary life. From humble beginnings as experimental calculating machines, they now underpin the operations of industries, the networks of global communications, and the very rhythm of our daily activities. The transition from isolated devices to complex, interconnected systems has transformed not only business and government, but also the ways individuals learn, interact, and solve problems.
Paragraph B
The earliest computers, introduced during the mid-twentieth century, were enormous in scale and limited in capability. Often occupying entire floors of research institutions, these devices demanded teams of experts to operate and maintain them. Initially, computers were dedicated to codebreaking, scientific calculations, and governmental tasks, with little thought given to personal or commercial use. Despite their intimidating complexity, they sowed the seeds of the digital era to come.
Paragraph C
The invention of the microprocessor in the early 1970s heralded a new epoch in computing. By shrinking computational power onto a single silicon chip, innovators unlocked the door to personal computers, allowing millions to access information and tools once reserved for specialists. This democratization fostered a surge in creativity and productivity, as users from students to small business owners integrated computers into their daily routines.
Paragraph D
One of the most profound impacts of computer technology has been seen in commerce and trade. Online platforms have revolutionised the concept of the marketplace, empowering both established corporations and nascent startups to reach customers on a global scale. Automated supply chains, digital payments, and e-commerce websites have eliminated barriers of distance and time, creating a borderless world of opportunity for enterprises large and small.
Paragraph E
The influence of computers in education is equally transformative. Virtual classrooms, interactive learning environments, and vast online libraries now provide resources to learners in even the most remote locations. Teachers can tailor educational content to individual students’ needs, leveraging data-driven analytics to enhance engagement and success. This technological evolution holds promise for narrowing educational divides across nations and communities.
Paragraph F
Yet, this technological advancement brings its own set of challenges. Concerns over data privacy, online security, and the growing digital divide persist, as not all populations enjoy equal access to the benefits of connected technology. Governments, corporations, and civic groups must work collaboratively to protect sensitive information and ensure fair opportunities for all in the digital landscape.
Paragraph G
In recent years, the ascent of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning has redefined the frontier of what computers can achieve. From self-driving vehicles to real-time language translation, algorithms now accomplish tasks previously unimaginable. However, the proliferation of AI also raises complex ethical questions regarding accountability, transparency, and the societal consequences of automation.
Paragraph H
Looking to the future, quantum computing, biotechnology integration, and smart infrastructure hint at further revolutions on the horizon. As humanity faces issues such as climate change, global health threats, and resource scarcity, advanced computers offer potential solutions that were once the realm of science fiction. Whether these tools are used wisely and inclusively will shape the destiny of generations yet to come.
Matching Information to Paragraphs
Instructions:
Match each statement (1–8) to the correct paragraph (A–H) in the passage.
Each statement gives a specific detail; find the paragraph that contains this information.
Drag the statements, or tap to select and assign on mobile.
Some paragraphs may be used more than once, or not at all.
Match each statement (1–8) to the correct paragraph (A–H) in the passage.
Each statement gives a specific detail; find the paragraph that contains this information.
Drag the statements, or tap to select and assign on mobile.
Some paragraphs may be used more than once, or not at all.
Information Statements:
1. A reference to computers enabling companies of all sizes to reach global customers.
2. Mention of the limitations and size of early computers, and who operated them.
3. A detail about students in remote areas gaining educational access through computers.
4. Concerns highlighted about privacy, security, or unequal access to technology.
5. Information about the latest advances in AI and the ethical debates surrounding them.
6. The idea that computers might help address major challenges like climate change or health threats in the future.
7. How the microprocessor allowed ordinary people to use computers, not just experts.
8. How computers evolved from simple machines into crucial systems in everyday life.
1
Statement 1:
Drop paragraph letter here (A–H)
2
Statement 2:
Drop paragraph letter here (A–H)
3
Statement 3:
Drop paragraph letter here (A–H)
4
Statement 4:
Drop paragraph letter here (A–H)
5
Statement 5:
Drop paragraph letter here (A–H)
6
Statement 6:
Drop paragraph letter here (A–H)
7
Statement 7:
Drop paragraph letter here (A–H)
8
Statement 8:
Drop paragraph letter here (A–H)
Answer Key & Step-by-Step Explanations
Review the correct paragraph for each information statement below. Tap/click each answer to expand a detailed explanation and see how to locate the correct information in the passage.
1. Paragraph D – Computers enabling companies to reach global customers
▶
Step-by-step explanation:
• The statement is about computers helping companies of all sizes to access global customers.
• Paragraph D says, “empowering both established corporations and nascent startups to reach customers on a global scale... borderless world of opportunity for enterprises large and small.”
• Keywords like “global scale,” “enterprises large and small,” and “reach customers” match perfectly.
• No other paragraph describes the commercial/global impact in such detail.
• Scan for terms like “marketplace,” “borderless world,” “e-commerce.”
• Therefore, the answer is D.
• The statement is about computers helping companies of all sizes to access global customers.
• Paragraph D says, “empowering both established corporations and nascent startups to reach customers on a global scale... borderless world of opportunity for enterprises large and small.”
• Keywords like “global scale,” “enterprises large and small,” and “reach customers” match perfectly.
• No other paragraph describes the commercial/global impact in such detail.
• Scan for terms like “marketplace,” “borderless world,” “e-commerce.”
• Therefore, the answer is D.
2. Paragraph B – Limitations, size, and operators of early computers
▶
Step-by-step explanation:
• The statement focuses on early computers’ limitations, their huge size, and who used them.
• Paragraph B mentions, “enormous in scale... occupying entire floors... demanded teams of experts.”
• It specifies “codebreaking, scientific calculations, and governmental tasks,” which fits the idea of specialist use.
• No other paragraph discusses these aspects.
• Therefore, the answer is B.
• The statement focuses on early computers’ limitations, their huge size, and who used them.
• Paragraph B mentions, “enormous in scale... occupying entire floors... demanded teams of experts.”
• It specifies “codebreaking, scientific calculations, and governmental tasks,” which fits the idea of specialist use.
• No other paragraph discusses these aspects.
• Therefore, the answer is B.
3. Paragraph E – Remote students accessing education
▶
Step-by-step explanation:
• The statement is about remote students getting access to learning thanks to computers.
• Paragraph E says, “resources to learners in even the most remote locations... online libraries... tailor educational content.”
• No other paragraph mentions “remote locations” or focuses on education in this way.
• Therefore, the answer is E.
• The statement is about remote students getting access to learning thanks to computers.
• Paragraph E says, “resources to learners in even the most remote locations... online libraries... tailor educational content.”
• No other paragraph mentions “remote locations” or focuses on education in this way.
• Therefore, the answer is E.
4. Paragraph F – Concerns about privacy, security, and access
▶
Step-by-step explanation:
• This statement focuses on technology-related concerns.
• Paragraph F states: “Concerns over data privacy, online security, and the growing digital divide persist.”
• Also mentions “not all populations enjoy equal access.”
• Other paragraphs may mention challenges, but only F lists these three.
• Therefore, the answer is F.
• This statement focuses on technology-related concerns.
• Paragraph F states: “Concerns over data privacy, online security, and the growing digital divide persist.”
• Also mentions “not all populations enjoy equal access.”
• Other paragraphs may mention challenges, but only F lists these three.
• Therefore, the answer is F.
5. Paragraph G – Advances in AI and ethics
▶
Step-by-step explanation:
• This statement asks about artificial intelligence (AI) and ethical issues.
• Paragraph G describes, “the ascent of artificial intelligence... algorithms now accomplish tasks... raises complex ethical questions regarding accountability, transparency, and... automation.”
• Look for “AI,” “machine learning,” “ethical questions.”
• Only G discusses both advances and ethical debates.
• Therefore, the answer is G.
• This statement asks about artificial intelligence (AI) and ethical issues.
• Paragraph G describes, “the ascent of artificial intelligence... algorithms now accomplish tasks... raises complex ethical questions regarding accountability, transparency, and... automation.”
• Look for “AI,” “machine learning,” “ethical questions.”
• Only G discusses both advances and ethical debates.
• Therefore, the answer is G.
6. Paragraph H – Computers and future global challenges
▶
Step-by-step explanation:
• This is about computers helping solve big world issues in the future.
• Paragraph H includes, “quantum computing, biotechnology integration... hint at further revolutions... climate change, global health threats, and resource scarcity.”
• These ideas are about major challenges and future solutions.
• No other paragraph gives a forward-looking view about global problems.
• Therefore, the answer is H.
• This is about computers helping solve big world issues in the future.
• Paragraph H includes, “quantum computing, biotechnology integration... hint at further revolutions... climate change, global health threats, and resource scarcity.”
• These ideas are about major challenges and future solutions.
• No other paragraph gives a forward-looking view about global problems.
• Therefore, the answer is H.
7. Paragraph C – Microprocessors for ordinary people
▶
Step-by-step explanation:
• This is about microprocessors allowing regular people to use computers.
• Paragraph C mentions, “microprocessor... unlocked the door to personal computers... allowing millions to access information... democratization fostered a surge in creativity.”
• Words like “personal computers,” “ordinary people,” and “democratization” are key.
• No other paragraph covers this transition.
• Therefore, the answer is C.
• This is about microprocessors allowing regular people to use computers.
• Paragraph C mentions, “microprocessor... unlocked the door to personal computers... allowing millions to access information... democratization fostered a surge in creativity.”
• Words like “personal computers,” “ordinary people,” and “democratization” are key.
• No other paragraph covers this transition.
• Therefore, the answer is C.
8. Paragraph A – Computers evolving into everyday systems
▶
Step-by-step explanation:
• This statement asks about the overall evolution of computers.
• Paragraph A says, “From humble beginnings... now underpin... the very rhythm of our daily activities. The transition from isolated devices to complex, interconnected systems has transformed... the ways individuals learn, interact, and solve problems.”
• Only A tells the full story from simple machines to essential systems.
• Therefore, the answer is A.
• This statement asks about the overall evolution of computers.
• Paragraph A says, “From humble beginnings... now underpin... the very rhythm of our daily activities. The transition from isolated devices to complex, interconnected systems has transformed... the ways individuals learn, interact, and solve problems.”
• Only A tells the full story from simple machines to essential systems.
• Therefore, the answer is A.
Top 20 Hardest Words in the Passage
Tap/click a word to see its meaning, patterns, usage, and common mistakes.
epoch
/ˈiː.pɒk/ (BrE) /ˈiː.pɑːk/ (AmE)
Part(s) of speech: noun
Word pattern(s): an epoch in (history/science/life)
Definition: A particular period of time in history or in someone's life, marked by notable events or changes.
Example: "The invention of the microprocessor in the early 1970s heralded a new epoch in computing."
More common synonym: era, age
Common mistakes: Sometimes confused with 'epic' (which means heroic or grand).
Word pattern(s): an epoch in (history/science/life)
Definition: A particular period of time in history or in someone's life, marked by notable events or changes.
Example: "The invention of the microprocessor in the early 1970s heralded a new epoch in computing."
More common synonym: era, age
Common mistakes: Sometimes confused with 'epic' (which means heroic or grand).
heralded
/ˈher.əl.dɪd/ (BrE/AmE)
Part(s) of speech: verb (past)
Word pattern(s): heralded the start/arrival of sth
Definition: To be a sign that something important is starting.
Example: "The invention of the microprocessor in the early 1970s heralded a new epoch in computing."
More common synonym: announced, signaled
Common mistakes: Not used for people; it’s not "heralded by" someone unless they literally announce something.
Word pattern(s): heralded the start/arrival of sth
Definition: To be a sign that something important is starting.
Example: "The invention of the microprocessor in the early 1970s heralded a new epoch in computing."
More common synonym: announced, signaled
Common mistakes: Not used for people; it’s not "heralded by" someone unless they literally announce something.
nascent
/ˈnæs.ənt/ (BrE/AmE)
Part(s) of speech: adjective
Word pattern(s): nascent industry/startup/technology
Definition: Starting to develop; just coming into existence.
Example: "empowering both established corporations and nascent startups to reach customers on a global scale."
More common synonym: emerging, budding
Common mistakes: Not pronounced as “na-shent” (correct is /ˈnæs.ənt/).
Word pattern(s): nascent industry/startup/technology
Definition: Starting to develop; just coming into existence.
Example: "empowering both established corporations and nascent startups to reach customers on a global scale."
More common synonym: emerging, budding
Common mistakes: Not pronounced as “na-shent” (correct is /ˈnæs.ənt/).
democratization
/dɪˌmɒk.rə.taɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ (BrE) /dɪˌmɑː.krə.t̬əˈzeɪ.ʃən/ (AmE)
Part(s) of speech: noun
Word pattern(s): democratization of technology/education
Definition: The process of making something accessible to everyone.
Example: "This democratization fostered a surge in creativity and productivity."
More common synonym: equalization
Common mistakes: Not limited to politics; can refer to technology, education, etc.
Word pattern(s): democratization of technology/education
Definition: The process of making something accessible to everyone.
Example: "This democratization fostered a surge in creativity and productivity."
More common synonym: equalization
Common mistakes: Not limited to politics; can refer to technology, education, etc.
surge
/sɜːdʒ/ (BrE) /sɝːdʒ/ (AmE)
Part(s) of speech: noun, verb
Word pattern(s): a surge in sth; to surge forward
Definition: A sudden, large increase.
Example: "fostered a surge in creativity and productivity"
More common synonym: rise, increase
Common mistakes: Not used for people directly (“He is a surge” is wrong).
Word pattern(s): a surge in sth; to surge forward
Definition: A sudden, large increase.
Example: "fostered a surge in creativity and productivity"
More common synonym: rise, increase
Common mistakes: Not used for people directly (“He is a surge” is wrong).
profound
/prəˈfaʊnd/ (BrE/AmE)
Part(s) of speech: adjective
Word pattern(s): a profound effect/impact
Definition: Very great or intense; deep.
Example: "one of the most profound impacts of computer technology..."
More common synonym: deep, intense
Common mistakes: Not for physical depth (for that use “deep”).
Word pattern(s): a profound effect/impact
Definition: Very great or intense; deep.
Example: "one of the most profound impacts of computer technology..."
More common synonym: deep, intense
Common mistakes: Not for physical depth (for that use “deep”).
borderless
/ˈbɔː.də.ləs/ (BrE) /ˈbɔːr.dɚ.ləs/ (AmE)
Part(s) of speech: adjective
Word pattern(s): borderless world/business
Definition: Without boundaries or borders; unrestricted.
Example: "creating a borderless world of opportunity"
More common synonym: unlimited, open
Common mistakes: Sometimes misspelled as “boarderless.”
Word pattern(s): borderless world/business
Definition: Without boundaries or borders; unrestricted.
Example: "creating a borderless world of opportunity"
More common synonym: unlimited, open
Common mistakes: Sometimes misspelled as “boarderless.”
eliminated
/ɪˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪ.tɪd/ (BrE/AmE)
Part(s) of speech: verb (past)
Word pattern(s): eliminate sth; eliminated from
Definition: Removed or got rid of.
Example: "eliminated barriers of distance and time"
More common synonym: removed, got rid of
Common mistakes: Not used for people’s jobs (“He was eliminated” could sound harsh/out of context).
Word pattern(s): eliminate sth; eliminated from
Definition: Removed or got rid of.
Example: "eliminated barriers of distance and time"
More common synonym: removed, got rid of
Common mistakes: Not used for people’s jobs (“He was eliminated” could sound harsh/out of context).
equally
/ˈiː.kwəli/ (BrE/AmE)
Part(s) of speech: adverb
Word pattern(s): equally important, equally transformative
Definition: To the same degree; in the same way.
Example: "The influence of computers in education is equally transformative."
More common synonym: likewise
Common mistakes: Sometimes confused with “equal” (adjective).
Word pattern(s): equally important, equally transformative
Definition: To the same degree; in the same way.
Example: "The influence of computers in education is equally transformative."
More common synonym: likewise
Common mistakes: Sometimes confused with “equal” (adjective).
analytics
/ˌæn.əˈlɪt.ɪks/ (BrE/AmE)
Part(s) of speech: noun (plural, treated as singular)
Word pattern(s): data analytics; analytics tools
Definition: The systematic analysis of data or statistics.
Example: "leveraging data-driven analytics to enhance engagement and success."
More common synonym: analysis
Common mistakes: Not "analytic" (which is an adjective).
Word pattern(s): data analytics; analytics tools
Definition: The systematic analysis of data or statistics.
Example: "leveraging data-driven analytics to enhance engagement and success."
More common synonym: analysis
Common mistakes: Not "analytic" (which is an adjective).
divides
/dɪˈvaɪdz/ (BrE/AmE)
Part(s) of speech: noun (plural), verb
Word pattern(s): digital divide; divides in society
Definition: Differences or gaps, especially between groups.
Example: "narrowing educational divides across nations"
More common synonym: gaps, separations
Common mistakes: Not always about math—can mean social differences.
Word pattern(s): digital divide; divides in society
Definition: Differences or gaps, especially between groups.
Example: "narrowing educational divides across nations"
More common synonym: gaps, separations
Common mistakes: Not always about math—can mean social differences.
persist
/pəˈsɪst/ (BrE/AmE)
Part(s) of speech: verb
Word pattern(s): persist in sth; persist over time
Definition: To continue to exist; to not stop.
Example: "Concerns... persist as not all populations enjoy equal access."
More common synonym: continue
Common mistakes: Sometimes confused with “insist.”
Word pattern(s): persist in sth; persist over time
Definition: To continue to exist; to not stop.
Example: "Concerns... persist as not all populations enjoy equal access."
More common synonym: continue
Common mistakes: Sometimes confused with “insist.”
civic
/ˈsɪv.ɪk/ (BrE/AmE)
Part(s) of speech): adjective
Word pattern(s): civic group/leader/duty
Definition: Related to a city or town or the duties of people in it.
Example: "civic groups must work collaboratively"
More common synonym: community
Common mistakes: Not “civil,” which means polite or related to citizens in general.
Word pattern(s): civic group/leader/duty
Definition: Related to a city or town or the duties of people in it.
Example: "civic groups must work collaboratively"
More common synonym: community
Common mistakes: Not “civil,” which means polite or related to citizens in general.
collaboratively
/kəˈlæb.ər.ə.tɪv.li/ (BrE/AmE)
Part(s) of speech: adverb
Word pattern(s): work/act collaboratively
Definition: In a way that involves two or more people working together.
Example: "must work collaboratively to protect sensitive information"
More common synonym: together, jointly
Common mistakes: Not “collaborationly” (incorrect form).
Word pattern(s): work/act collaboratively
Definition: In a way that involves two or more people working together.
Example: "must work collaboratively to protect sensitive information"
More common synonym: together, jointly
Common mistakes: Not “collaborationly” (incorrect form).
ascent
/əˈsent/ (BrE/AmE)
Part(s) of speech: noun
Word pattern(s): the ascent of (AI/democracy/science)
Definition: The process of rising, becoming important or successful.
Example: "the ascent of artificial intelligence and machine learning"
More common synonym: rise, growth
Common mistakes: Not “assent” (agreement).
Word pattern(s): the ascent of (AI/democracy/science)
Definition: The process of rising, becoming important or successful.
Example: "the ascent of artificial intelligence and machine learning"
More common synonym: rise, growth
Common mistakes: Not “assent” (agreement).
proliferation
/prəˌlɪf.əˈreɪ.ʃən/ (BrE/AmE)
Part(s) of speech: noun
Word pattern(s): proliferation of technology/AI
Definition: A rapid increase in the amount or number of something.
Example: "the proliferation of AI raises complex ethical questions"
More common synonym: spread, growth
Common mistakes: Misspelling: “proliferate” is the verb, “proliferation” is the noun.
Word pattern(s): proliferation of technology/AI
Definition: A rapid increase in the amount or number of something.
Example: "the proliferation of AI raises complex ethical questions"
More common synonym: spread, growth
Common mistakes: Misspelling: “proliferate” is the verb, “proliferation” is the noun.
accountability
/əˌkaʊn.təˈbɪl.ə.ti/ (BrE/AmE)
Part(s) of speech: noun
Word pattern(s): accountability for/in sth
Definition: The fact or condition of being responsible for actions and decisions.
Example: "raises complex ethical questions regarding accountability, transparency..."
More common synonym: responsibility
Common mistakes: Not “accountable” (which is the adjective).
Word pattern(s): accountability for/in sth
Definition: The fact or condition of being responsible for actions and decisions.
Example: "raises complex ethical questions regarding accountability, transparency..."
More common synonym: responsibility
Common mistakes: Not “accountable” (which is the adjective).
automation
/ˌɔː.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/ (BrE) /ˌɑː.t̬əˈmeɪ.ʃən/ (AmE)
Part(s) of speech: noun
Word pattern(s): automation of processes/tasks
Definition: The use of technology to do tasks with minimal human input.
Example: "societal consequences of automation."
More common synonym: mechanization
Common mistakes: Not “automatic” (which is an adjective).
Word pattern(s): automation of processes/tasks
Definition: The use of technology to do tasks with minimal human input.
Example: "societal consequences of automation."
More common synonym: mechanization
Common mistakes: Not “automatic” (which is an adjective).
scarcity
/ˈskeə.sɪ.ti/ (BrE) /ˈsker.sə.t̬i/ (AmE)
Part(s) of speech: noun
Word pattern(s): scarcity of resources/time
Definition: A lack of something; when there is not enough of it.
Example: "resource scarcity"
More common synonym: shortage, lack
Common mistakes: Not “scar” or “scare.”
Word pattern(s): scarcity of resources/time
Definition: A lack of something; when there is not enough of it.
Example: "resource scarcity"
More common synonym: shortage, lack
Common mistakes: Not “scar” or “scare.”
horizon
/həˈraɪ.zən/ (BrE/AmE)
Part(s) of speech: noun
Word pattern(s): on the horizon; horizon of knowledge
Definition: The line where the earth seems to meet the sky; also, the limit of a person’s knowledge, experience, or interest.
Example: "further revolutions on the horizon"
More common synonym: (in this context) coming soon, future
Common mistakes: Not “horizontal” (which is an adjective).
Word pattern(s): on the horizon; horizon of knowledge
Definition: The line where the earth seems to meet the sky; also, the limit of a person’s knowledge, experience, or interest.
Example: "further revolutions on the horizon"
More common synonym: (in this context) coming soon, future
Common mistakes: Not “horizontal” (which is an adjective).
Top 20 Hardest Phrases & Expressions
Tap/click any phrase or expression to reveal its meaning, synonyms, and usage advice.
invisible threads weaving through
/ɪnˈvɪz.ə.bəl θrɛdz ˈwiː.vɪŋ θruː/ (BrE/AmE)
Parts of speech: noun phrase
Word pattern(s): invisible threads weaving through (something)
Definition: Describes something hidden but deeply connected to all parts of a system or life.
Example: "computers have become the invisible threads weaving through every aspect of contemporary life."
More common synonym: hidden connections
Common mistakes: Not a set idiom; used as a metaphor.
Word pattern(s): invisible threads weaving through (something)
Definition: Describes something hidden but deeply connected to all parts of a system or life.
Example: "computers have become the invisible threads weaving through every aspect of contemporary life."
More common synonym: hidden connections
Common mistakes: Not a set idiom; used as a metaphor.
underpin the operations of
/ˌʌn.dəˈpɪn ði ˌɒp.əˈreɪ.ʃənz əv/ (BrE) /ˌʌn.dɚˈpɪn ði ˌɑː.pəˈreɪ.ʃənz ʌv/ (AmE)
Parts of speech: verb phrase
Word pattern(s): underpin the operations of (businesses, networks, etc.)
Definition: To be the main support or foundation of something.
Example: "they now underpin the operations of industries"
More common synonym: support, form the basis of
Common mistakes: Not "underpaint" or "underpinning" for the main verb.
Word pattern(s): underpin the operations of (businesses, networks, etc.)
Definition: To be the main support or foundation of something.
Example: "they now underpin the operations of industries"
More common synonym: support, form the basis of
Common mistakes: Not "underpaint" or "underpinning" for the main verb.
the rhythm of our daily activities
/ðə ˈrɪð.əm əv ˈaʊə ˈdeɪ.li ækˈtɪv.ɪ.tiz/ (BrE) /ðə ˈrɪð.əm əv ˈaʊ.ɚ ˈdeɪ.li ækˈtɪv.ə.tiz/ (AmE)
Parts of speech: noun phrase
Word pattern(s): the rhythm of (daily life/activities)
Definition: The usual pattern or flow of what we do each day.
Example: "the very rhythm of our daily activities"
More common synonym: routine
Common mistakes: Not about music here.
Word pattern(s): the rhythm of (daily life/activities)
Definition: The usual pattern or flow of what we do each day.
Example: "the very rhythm of our daily activities"
More common synonym: routine
Common mistakes: Not about music here.
occupying entire floors
/ˈɒk.jʊ.paɪ.ɪŋ ɪnˈtaɪə flɔːz/ (BrE) /ˈɑː.kjə.paɪ.ɪŋ ɪnˈtaɪr flɔːrz/ (AmE)
Parts of speech: verb phrase
Word pattern(s): occupying entire floors/buildings
Definition: Taking up all of the space on one or more floors of a building.
Example: "Often occupying entire floors of research institutions..."
More common synonym: filling whole floors
Common mistakes: Not about people “living” in a place.
Word pattern(s): occupying entire floors/buildings
Definition: Taking up all of the space on one or more floors of a building.
Example: "Often occupying entire floors of research institutions..."
More common synonym: filling whole floors
Common mistakes: Not about people “living” in a place.
dedicated to codebreaking
/ˈdɛd.ɪ.keɪ.tɪd tə ˈkəʊdˌbreɪ.kɪŋ/ (BrE) /ˈdɛd.ɪ.keɪ.t̬ɪd tə ˈkoʊdˌbreɪ.kɪŋ/ (AmE)
Parts of speech: verb phrase
Word pattern(s): dedicated to (activity/purpose)
Definition: Used mainly for or focused on breaking coded messages.
Example: "were dedicated to codebreaking, scientific calculations..."
More common synonym: used for decoding
Common mistakes: Not “dedicate” for general activities (it’s for focus).
Word pattern(s): dedicated to (activity/purpose)
Definition: Used mainly for or focused on breaking coded messages.
Example: "were dedicated to codebreaking, scientific calculations..."
More common synonym: used for decoding
Common mistakes: Not “dedicate” for general activities (it’s for focus).
sowed the seeds of the digital era
/səʊd ðə siːdz əv ðə ˈdɪdʒ.ɪ.təl ˈɪə.rə/ (BrE) /soʊd ðə siːdz əv ðə ˈdɪdʒ.ɪ.t̬əl ˈɪr.ə/ (AmE)
Parts of speech: idiomatic verb phrase
Word pattern(s): sow the seeds of (change/success/etc.)
Definition: Began or initiated important changes that would grow over time.
Example: "they sowed the seeds of the digital era to come."
More common synonym: started, initiated
Common mistakes: Not “shown” (should be “sown”).
Word pattern(s): sow the seeds of (change/success/etc.)
Definition: Began or initiated important changes that would grow over time.
Example: "they sowed the seeds of the digital era to come."
More common synonym: started, initiated
Common mistakes: Not “shown” (should be “sown”).
unlocked the door to
/ʌnˈlɒkt ðə dɔːr tə/ (BrE) /ʌnˈlɑːkt ðə dɔːr tuː/ (AmE)
Parts of speech: verb phrase
Word pattern(s): unlocked the door to (opportunity/freedom, etc.)
Definition: Made something possible or accessible that was not before.
Example: "unlocked the door to personal computers"
More common synonym: made possible
Common mistakes: Not about literal doors (unless context requires).
Word pattern(s): unlocked the door to (opportunity/freedom, etc.)
Definition: Made something possible or accessible that was not before.
Example: "unlocked the door to personal computers"
More common synonym: made possible
Common mistakes: Not about literal doors (unless context requires).
integrated into their daily routines
/ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡreɪ.tɪd ˈɪntuː ðeə ˈdeɪ.li ruːˈtiːnz/ (BrE) /ˈɪn.t̬ə.ɡreɪ.tɪd ˈɪntuː ðɛr ˈdeɪ.li ruːˈtiːnz/ (AmE)
Parts of speech: verb phrase
Word pattern(s): integrated into (system/life/routine)
Definition: Became a regular part of daily habits.
Example: "integrated computers into their daily routines."
More common synonym: became part of
Common mistakes: Not “intergrated.”
Word pattern(s): integrated into (system/life/routine)
Definition: Became a regular part of daily habits.
Example: "integrated computers into their daily routines."
More common synonym: became part of
Common mistakes: Not “intergrated.”
eliminated barriers of distance and time
/ɪˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪ.tɪd ˈbær.i.əz əv ˈdɪs.təns ənd taɪm/ (BrE/AmE)
Parts of speech: verb phrase
Word pattern(s): eliminated barriers of (something)
Definition: Removed difficulties that previously prevented something.
Example: "eliminated barriers of distance and time"
More common synonym: removed obstacles
Common mistakes: Not “eliminated barriers for.”
Word pattern(s): eliminated barriers of (something)
Definition: Removed difficulties that previously prevented something.
Example: "eliminated barriers of distance and time"
More common synonym: removed obstacles
Common mistakes: Not “eliminated barriers for.”
holds promise for
/həʊldz ˈprɒm.ɪs fə/ (BrE) /hoʊldz ˈprɑː.mɪs fɚ/ (AmE)
Parts of speech: verb phrase
Word pattern(s): holds promise for (change/advancement, etc.)
Definition: Is likely to bring about something good or positive in the future.
Example: "This technological evolution holds promise for narrowing educational divides."
More common synonym: offers hope, shows potential
Common mistakes: Not “hold promises.”
Word pattern(s): holds promise for (change/advancement, etc.)
Definition: Is likely to bring about something good or positive in the future.
Example: "This technological evolution holds promise for narrowing educational divides."
More common synonym: offers hope, shows potential
Common mistakes: Not “hold promises.”
enjoy equal access
/ɪnˈdʒɔɪ ˈiː.kwəl ˈæk.sɛs/ (BrE/AmE)
Parts of speech: verb phrase
Word pattern(s): enjoy equal access (to something)
Definition: Have the same opportunities or availability as others.
Example: "not all populations enjoy equal access to the benefits..."
More common synonym: have the same access
Common mistakes: “Enjoy” here means “have,” not “like.”
Word pattern(s): enjoy equal access (to something)
Definition: Have the same opportunities or availability as others.
Example: "not all populations enjoy equal access to the benefits..."
More common synonym: have the same access
Common mistakes: “Enjoy” here means “have,” not “like.”
work collaboratively
/wɜːk kəˈlæb.ər.ə.tɪv.li/ (BrE/AmE)
Parts of speech: verb phrase
Word pattern(s): work collaboratively (with someone)
Definition: Work together as a team.
Example: "must work collaboratively to protect sensitive information"
More common synonym: work together
Common mistakes: “Collaborationly” is incorrect.
Word pattern(s): work collaboratively (with someone)
Definition: Work together as a team.
Example: "must work collaboratively to protect sensitive information"
More common synonym: work together
Common mistakes: “Collaborationly” is incorrect.
redefined the frontier of
/ˌriː.dɪˈfaɪnd ðə ˈfrʌn.tɪər əv/ (BrE) /ˌriː.dɪˈfaɪnd ðə ˈfrʌn.tɪr əv/ (AmE)
Parts of speech: verb phrase
Word pattern(s): redefined the frontier/boundaries of (science/technology, etc.)
Definition: Changed or expanded what is possible or known.
Example: "has redefined the frontier of what computers can achieve"
More common synonym: expanded the limits of
Common mistakes: Not “redefined the frontier for.”
Word pattern(s): redefined the frontier/boundaries of (science/technology, etc.)
Definition: Changed or expanded what is possible or known.
Example: "has redefined the frontier of what computers can achieve"
More common synonym: expanded the limits of
Common mistakes: Not “redefined the frontier for.”
real-time language translation
/ˈrɪəl taɪm ˈlæŋ.ɡwɪdʒ trænsˈleɪ.ʃən/ (BrE/AmE)
Parts of speech: noun phrase
Word pattern(s): real-time (activity/service)
Definition: Translation that happens instantly, as you speak or write.
Example: "real-time language translation"
More common synonym: instant translation
Common mistakes: Not “live-time.”
Word pattern(s): real-time (activity/service)
Definition: Translation that happens instantly, as you speak or write.
Example: "real-time language translation"
More common synonym: instant translation
Common mistakes: Not “live-time.”
raises complex ethical questions
/ˈreɪ.zɪz ˈkɒm.pleks ˈɛθ.ɪ.kəl ˈkwɛs.tʃənz/ (BrE/AmE)
Parts of speech: verb phrase
Word pattern(s): raises (serious/complex) ethical questions
Definition: Causes people to consider what is right or wrong.
Example: "raises complex ethical questions regarding accountability"
More common synonym: brings up moral issues
Common mistakes: “Raise” not “rise.”
Word pattern(s): raises (serious/complex) ethical questions
Definition: Causes people to consider what is right or wrong.
Example: "raises complex ethical questions regarding accountability"
More common synonym: brings up moral issues
Common mistakes: “Raise” not “rise.”
integration of biotechnology
/ˌɪn.tɪˈɡreɪ.ʃən əv ˌbaɪ.əʊˈtɛk.nɒl.ə.dʒi/ (BrE) /ˌɪn.t̬əˈɡreɪ.ʃən əv ˌbaɪ.oʊˈtek.nɑː.lə.dʒi/ (AmE)
Parts of speech: noun phrase
Word pattern(s): integration of (field/technology)
Definition: The act of combining biotechnology with other areas (like computing).
Example: "quantum computing, biotechnology integration, and smart infrastructure..."
More common synonym: combination, merging
Common mistakes: Not “integral of biotechnology.”
Word pattern(s): integration of (field/technology)
Definition: The act of combining biotechnology with other areas (like computing).
Example: "quantum computing, biotechnology integration, and smart infrastructure..."
More common synonym: combination, merging
Common mistakes: Not “integral of biotechnology.”
hint at further revolutions
/hɪnt ət ˈfɜː.ðər ˌrɛv.əˈluː.ʃənz/ (BrE) /hɪnt ət ˈfɝː.ðɚ ˌrɛv.əˈluː.ʃənz/ (AmE)
Parts of speech: verb phrase
Word pattern(s): hint at (possibility/change/etc.)
Definition: Suggest that more big changes could happen.
Example: "smart infrastructure hint at further revolutions on the horizon."
More common synonym: suggest, imply
Common mistakes: Not “hint to.”
Word pattern(s): hint at (possibility/change/etc.)
Definition: Suggest that more big changes could happen.
Example: "smart infrastructure hint at further revolutions on the horizon."
More common synonym: suggest, imply
Common mistakes: Not “hint to.”
issues such as climate change
/ˈɪʃ.uːz sʌtʃ æz ˈklaɪ.mət tʃeɪndʒ/ (BrE/AmE)
Parts of speech: noun phrase
Word pattern(s): issues/problems such as (something)
Definition: Important problems (for example, climate change).
Example: "issues such as climate change, global health threats, and resource scarcity"
More common synonym: problems, challenges
Common mistakes: “Such as” goes after the noun.
Word pattern(s): issues/problems such as (something)
Definition: Important problems (for example, climate change).
Example: "issues such as climate change, global health threats, and resource scarcity"
More common synonym: problems, challenges
Common mistakes: “Such as” goes after the noun.
offer potential solutions
/ˈɒf.ər pəˈtɛn.ʃəl səˈluː.ʃənz/ (BrE) /ˈɑː.fɚ pəˈtɛn.ʃəl səˈluː.ʃənz/ (AmE)
Parts of speech: verb phrase
Word pattern(s): offer/provide/present potential solutions
Definition: Suggest or give possible answers or fixes.
Example: "advanced computers offer potential solutions"
More common synonym: provide possible answers
Common mistakes: Not “offering of solutions.”
Word pattern(s): offer/provide/present potential solutions
Definition: Suggest or give possible answers or fixes.
Example: "advanced computers offer potential solutions"
More common synonym: provide possible answers
Common mistakes: Not “offering of solutions.”
shape the destiny of generations
/ʃeɪp ðə ˈdɛs.tɪ.ni əv ˌdʒɛn.əˈreɪ.ʃənz/ (BrE/AmE)
Parts of speech: verb phrase
Word pattern(s): shape the destiny/future of (someone/group)
Definition: Influence what will happen to people in the future.
Example: "will shape the destiny of generations yet to come."
More common synonym: determine the future
Common mistakes: Not “shape to the destiny.”
Word pattern(s): shape the destiny/future of (someone/group)
Definition: Influence what will happen to people in the future.
Example: "will shape the destiny of generations yet to come."
More common synonym: determine the future
Common mistakes: Not “shape to the destiny.”
Interactive Exercise 1: Key Words & Phrases Practice
Complete each question below. After you submit, see detailed feedback and explanations for every answer!
Interactive Exercise 2: Advanced Expressions Practice
Practice more with these advanced words and expressions! Complete each question, then check your results for deep explanations.
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