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IELTS Academic Reading Sample Test – True/False/Not Given Question Type with deep answer key – Sample No. 1

IELTS Academic Reading Sample Test - Matching Headings Question Type with deep answer key - LingExam Language Academy - Lingexam.com

IELTS Academic Reading | TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN Tutorial

IELTS Reading: TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN Tutorial

How to Answer “TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN” Questions in IELTS

1
Understand the Task: You are given a set of statements. For each, decide if the information is TRUE (matches the text), FALSE (contradicts the text), or NOT GIVEN (not stated in the text).
2
Read Each Statement Carefully: Focus on the exact wording. Even a single detail can change the answer. Look for absolute words like "all," "never," or "only," which can affect whether a statement is TRUE or FALSE.
3
Scan the Passage: Quickly locate where the information should appear. Underline or highlight any keywords that match the statement.
4
Match the Meaning, Not Just Words: Sometimes synonyms or paraphrased ideas are used. Ensure the meaning matches, not just individual words.
5
Choose NOT GIVEN if There Isn’t Enough Information: If the passage does not confirm or contradict the statement, select "NOT GIVEN." Don't use your own knowledge—focus only on the passage!
6
Don’t Spend Too Long on One Question: Move on if you’re unsure and return later. Trust your careful reading and look for clear evidence.

Example:

Passage Statement:
“Most people in the city use bicycles to get to work.”

Sample Question:
Most workers in the city travel to their jobs by bicycle.
Answer: TRUE (The statement matches the passage.)

If the statement was:
All workers in the city travel by bicycle.
Answer: FALSE (The passage says 'most', not 'all'.)

If the statement was:
City workers travel by bus.
Answer: NOT GIVEN (No information about buses.)

Reading Passage: Digital Nomadism: The Global Rise of Remote Work

Paragraph A In recent years, the phenomenon of digital nomadism has transformed from a niche lifestyle into a global movement. Digital nomads are individuals who leverage technology to work remotely while travelling or living in different locations, often across international borders. The accessibility of high-speed internet, proliferation of coworking spaces, and the widespread adoption of portable devices have all contributed to the rise of this trend. As traditional office-based employment models have become less rigid, increasing numbers of professionals are embracing the freedom and flexibility offered by remote work.
Paragraph B Historically, remote work was seen as a privilege reserved for a select few in the technology or creative industries. However, the COVID-19 pandemic served as a catalyst, forcing companies in a variety of sectors to rapidly adapt to distributed teams and home offices. As a result, both employers and employees discovered unexpected benefits: reduced commuting time, lower overhead costs, and improved work-life balance. Many firms have continued to offer remote or hybrid arrangements even after restrictions were lifted, signalling a long-term shift in workplace culture.
Paragraph C The digital nomad lifestyle is not without challenges. Although it promises autonomy and adventure, it also requires discipline and self-management. Navigating time zone differences, dealing with unreliable connectivity, and maintaining productivity outside a structured environment are common obstacles. Furthermore, some nomads encounter difficulties related to visas, taxation, and health insurance, as legal frameworks in many countries have not kept pace with these new patterns of mobility.
Paragraph D Despite these hurdles, governments and businesses are beginning to respond. Several countries have introduced special "digital nomad visas" that allow remote workers to stay legally for extended periods, provided they meet certain income requirements. Popular destinations such as Portugal, Estonia, and Barbados have positioned themselves as hubs for this new workforce, offering streamlined visa processes and investment in digital infrastructure. Meanwhile, companies are developing policies and technologies to support the needs of a geographically dispersed workforce.
Paragraph E Social and cultural aspects of digital nomadism are equally significant. Many nomads are drawn to the prospect of experiencing new cultures, building diverse professional networks, and achieving a more balanced lifestyle. Online communities and in-person meetups provide opportunities for collaboration, knowledge sharing, and social interaction, helping to offset the sense of isolation that can accompany remote work. For some, the sense of global citizenship that comes from working and living abroad is its own reward.
Paragraph F Nonetheless, critics argue that digital nomadism may exacerbate inequalities, particularly in developing countries where the influx of foreign remote workers can drive up the cost of living and create tensions with local communities. Some local governments are beginning to implement regulations to address these concerns, seeking to balance the economic benefits of attracting remote professionals with the need to protect residents and preserve cultural integrity.
Paragraph G Looking ahead, it seems likely that digital nomadism will remain a significant aspect of the modern world of work. As technology continues to advance and companies become ever more adaptable, the barriers to working remotely from almost anywhere will continue to fall. The digital nomad lifestyle, once considered unconventional, is increasingly recognised as a viable and even desirable way to balance professional ambition with personal fulfilment in a rapidly changing world.

TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN Questions

Instructions:
For each statement, choose:
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information in the passage.
FALSE if the statement contradicts the passage.
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage.
Tap or click your answer for each question below.
1. The passage states that digital nomads only work in the technology industry.
2. Improvements in internet access have played a significant role in the growth of digital nomadism.
3. The COVID-19 pandemic was responsible for a sudden global shift to remote work.
4. Every country has developed legal frameworks to support digital nomads.
5. Some governments offer special visas specifically for remote workers.
6. Digital nomadism always leads to improved relationships with local communities.
7. Online communities help remote workers feel less isolated.
8. Companies are not making any changes to support geographically dispersed teams.
9. The digital nomad lifestyle is predicted to remain popular in the future.
10. Some critics are concerned about the potential negative effects of digital nomadism in developing countries.

Answer Key & Detailed Explanations

Check your answers and learn from the detailed explanations below. Tap/click to expand each explanation.
1. FALSE
The passage clearly says that, while digital nomadism began in technology and creative industries, it has now expanded beyond these fields. The statement says digital nomads "only work in the technology industry," which directly contradicts the passage. Therefore, the correct answer is FALSE.
2. TRUE
The passage explicitly states that the accessibility of high-speed internet has contributed significantly to the rise of digital nomadism. This matches the statement directly. Therefore, the answer is TRUE.
3. TRUE
The passage says that the COVID-19 pandemic "forced companies in a variety of sectors to rapidly adapt" to remote work, describing a sudden global shift. This supports the statement, so the answer is TRUE.
4. FALSE
The passage mentions that "legal frameworks in many countries have not kept pace" with digital nomad mobility. It does not say that every country has developed supportive laws; in fact, it suggests the opposite. So, the answer is FALSE.
5. TRUE
The passage states that several countries have introduced "digital nomad visas" specifically for remote workers. This directly confirms the statement, making the answer TRUE.
6. FALSE
The passage notes that digital nomadism can create tensions with local communities and may increase the cost of living in developing countries. Thus, it does not always lead to improved relationships. The answer is FALSE.
7. TRUE
The passage says that online communities and meetups help to "offset the sense of isolation" among digital nomads, which matches the statement. Therefore, the answer is TRUE.
8. FALSE
The text explains that companies are "developing policies and technologies to support" dispersed teams, which directly contradicts the statement that companies are "not making any changes." Thus, the answer is FALSE.
9. TRUE
The final paragraph suggests that digital nomadism "will remain a significant aspect of the modern world of work" and will continue to be popular in the future. This matches the statement, so the answer is TRUE.
10. TRUE
The passage notes that "critics argue" digital nomadism may cause problems in developing countries, mentioning rising costs and community tensions. This matches the concern described, so the answer is TRUE.

Top 20 Hardest Words in the Passage

Study the most challenging words from the passage. Tap/click any word to expand for details and usage tips.
phenomenon
/fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/ (BrE)   /fəˈnɑː.mə.nɑːn/ (AmE)
Part(s) of speech: noun (plural: phenomena)
Word pattern(s): phenomenon of sth
Definition: An observable event, situation, or fact, especially one that is unusual or difficult to understand.
Example: "The phenomenon of digital nomadism has transformed from a niche lifestyle into a global movement." (This means digital nomadism is an observable trend.)
Synonym: event, occurrence
Common mistakes: Learners often use "phenomena" as singular (it is plural).
proliferation
/prəˌlɪf.əˈreɪ.ʃən/ (BrE)   /prəˌlɪf.əˈreɪ.ʃən/ (AmE)
Part(s) of speech: noun
Word pattern(s): proliferation of sth
Definition: A rapid and large increase in the number or amount of something.
Example: "The proliferation of coworking spaces..." (This means there are suddenly many coworking spaces.)
Synonym: spread, growth
Common mistakes: Used instead of "expansion" when something is not increasing in number.
rigid
/ˈrɪdʒ.ɪd/ (BrE)   /ˈrɪdʒ.ɪd/ (AmE)
Part(s) of speech: adjective
Word pattern(s): rigid system/structure
Definition: Not able to be changed or adapted; inflexible.
Example: "Office-based employment models have become less rigid..." (They are less strict now.)
Synonym: inflexible, strict
Common mistakes: Confused with "stiff" (used for physical things).
catalyst
/ˈkæt.ə.lɪst/ (BrE)   /ˈkæt̬.ə.lɪst/ (AmE)
Part(s) of speech: noun
Word pattern(s): catalyst for sth
Definition: Something that causes a significant change or event to happen more quickly.
Example: "The pandemic served as a catalyst..." (The pandemic caused remote work to spread quickly.)
Synonym: trigger, stimulus
Common mistakes: Used as a verb ("catalysted"); correct is noun only.
privilege
/ˈprɪv.əl.ɪdʒ/ (BrE)   /ˈprɪv.ə.lɪdʒ/ (AmE)
Part(s) of speech: noun
Word pattern(s): privilege to do sth / privilege of doing sth
Definition: A special advantage that is only given to a particular person or group.
Example: "Remote work was seen as a privilege reserved for a select few..." (It was not available to everyone.)
Synonym: advantage, right
Common mistakes: Used to mean "honour" (not always correct).
distributed
/dɪˈstrɪb.juː.tɪd/ (BrE)   /dɪˈstrɪb.ju.t̬ɪd/ (AmE)
Part(s) of speech: adjective, verb (past)
Word pattern(s): distributed teams, distribute something
Definition: Spread over a wide area or among many people.
Example: "Distributed teams and home offices..." (Teams working from different places.)
Synonym: spread, dispersed
Common mistakes: Used instead of "contributed."
overhead
/ˈəʊ.və.hed/ (BrE)   /ˈoʊ.vɚ.hed/ (AmE)
Part(s) of speech: noun (uncountable), adjective
Word pattern(s): overhead costs
Definition: Regular costs to run a business (such as rent, utilities, salaries).
Example: "Lower overhead costs..." (Business spends less on things like rent and bills.)
Synonym: running costs, expenses
Common mistakes: Used as "overhead" meaning "above your head."
autonomy
/ɔːˈtɒn.ə.mi/ (BrE)   /ɑːˈtɑː.nə.mi/ (AmE)
Part(s) of speech: noun (uncountable)
Word pattern(s): autonomy in sth
Definition: The ability or right to make your own decisions.
Example: "The digital nomad lifestyle promises autonomy..." (You control your own work.)
Synonym: independence, freedom
Common mistakes: Confused with "autograph."
discipline
/ˈdɪs.ə.plɪn/ (BrE)   /ˈdɪs.ə.plɪn/ (AmE)
Part(s) of speech: noun (uncountable), verb
Word pattern(s): discipline to do sth / discipline in doing sth
Definition: The ability to control yourself and make yourself work hard.
Example: "It requires discipline and self-management." (You must control your actions.)
Synonym: self-control
Common mistakes: Confused with "punishment."
framework
/ˈfreɪm.wɜːk/ (BrE)   /ˈfreɪm.wɝːk/ (AmE)
Part(s) of speech: noun
Word pattern(s): framework for/of sth
Definition: A set of rules, ideas, or beliefs that form the basis of something.
Example: "Legal frameworks... have not kept pace." (The laws are not up to date.)
Synonym: structure, system
Common mistakes: Used as "framework" for physical frame.
mobility
/məʊˈbɪl.ə.ti/ (BrE)   /moʊˈbɪl.ə.t̬i/ (AmE)
Part(s) of speech: noun (uncountable)
Word pattern(s): mobility of sth
Definition: The ability to move or travel easily from one place to another.
Example: "New patterns of mobility." (How people can move and travel easily.)
Synonym: movement
Common mistakes: Confused with "mobile" (the device).
streamlined
/ˈstriːm.laɪnd/ (BrE)   /ˈstriːm.laɪnd/ (AmE)
Part(s) of speech: adjective, verb (past)
Word pattern(s): streamlined process/system
Definition: Made more efficient and simple.
Example: "Offering streamlined visa processes..." (Processes made easier and faster.)
Synonym: simplified, efficient
Common mistakes: Used as a verb instead of adjective.
infrastructure
/ˈɪn.frəˌstrʌk.tʃər/ (BrE)   /ˈɪn.frəˌstrʌk.tʃɚ/ (AmE)
Part(s) of speech: noun (uncountable)
Word pattern(s): investment in infrastructure
Definition: The basic systems and structures needed for a country or organization to work (such as transport and internet).
Example: "Investment in digital infrastructure." (Spending money on internet and technology.)
Synonym: framework, foundation
Common mistakes: Used for "hardware" (not the same).
geographically dispersed
/dʒiːˈɒɡ.rə.fɪ.kli/ (BrE)   /ˌdʒiː.əˈɡræf.ɪ.kli/ (AmE)
Part(s) of speech: adverb + adjective
Word pattern(s): geographically dispersed teams/workforce
Definition: Spread out over a wide area.
Example: "Needs of a geographically dispersed workforce." (Teams in different locations.)
Synonym: spread out
Common mistakes: Misspelling "geographically" or "dispersed."
integrity
/ɪnˈteɡ.rɪ.ti/ (BrE)   /ɪnˈteɡ.rə.t̬i/ (AmE)
Part(s) of speech: noun (uncountable)
Word pattern(s): protect/preserve integrity
Definition: The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; also, the state of being whole or undamaged.
Example: "Preserve cultural integrity." (Keep culture whole and undamaged.)
Synonym: honesty, unity
Common mistakes: Used only for "honesty," not for "wholeness."
exacerbate
/ɪɡˈzæs.ə.beɪt/ (BrE)   /ɪɡˈzæs.ɚ.beɪt/ (AmE)
Part(s) of speech: verb
Word pattern(s): exacerbate a problem/situation
Definition: To make a problem or bad situation worse.
Example: "Digital nomadism may exacerbate inequalities..." (Make inequalities bigger.)
Synonym: worsen, intensify
Common mistakes: Used as "exaggerate" (different meaning).
implement
/ˈɪm.plɪ.ment/ (BrE)   /ˈɪm.plə.ment/ (AmE)
Part(s) of speech: verb
Word pattern(s): implement a policy/rule/plan
Definition: To put a plan, decision, or agreement into effect.
Example: "Some governments are beginning to implement regulations..." (Start making new rules work.)
Synonym: carry out, apply
Common mistakes: Used as noun ("an implement" is a tool, not an action).
preserve
/prɪˈzɜːv/ (BrE)   /prɪˈzɝːv/ (AmE)
Part(s) of speech: verb
Word pattern(s): preserve something
Definition: To keep something as it is, especially in order to prevent it from being harmed or changed.
Example: "Preserve cultural integrity." (Keep culture unchanged.)
Synonym: protect, maintain
Common mistakes: Used as "reserve" (which means to book).
viable
/ˈvaɪ.ə.bəl/ (BrE)   /ˈvaɪ.ə.bəl/ (AmE)
Part(s) of speech: adjective
Word pattern(s): viable option/way/solution
Definition: Able to work successfully; feasible.
Example: "Recognised as a viable... way to balance professional ambition." (A possible way that works.)
Synonym: feasible, possible
Common mistakes: Misspelling as "viabel."
fulfilment
/fʊlˈfɪl.mənt/ (BrE)   /fʊlˈfɪl.mənt/ (AmE)
Part(s) of speech: noun (uncountable)
Word pattern(s): fulfilment in/of sth
Definition: A feeling of happiness and satisfaction because you are doing something important.
Example: "Personal fulfilment in a rapidly changing world." (Feeling happy and satisfied with your life.)
Synonym: satisfaction, contentment
Common mistakes: "Fulfillment" (US spelling) is also correct.

Top 20 Hardest Phrases & Expressions

Tap/click a phrase to expand for meaning, patterns, examples, synonyms, and common mistakes.
niche lifestyle
/niːʃ ˈlaɪf.staɪl/ (BrE & AmE)
Part(s) of speech: noun phrase
Word pattern(s): a niche lifestyle
Definition: A way of living that appeals to a small, specialized group of people.
Example: "Digital nomadism has transformed from a niche lifestyle into a global movement." (It was once only for a small group.)
Synonym: specialized way of life
Common mistakes: Pronouncing 'niche' as 'nike' or 'neech'.
embracing the freedom
/ɪmˈbreɪ.sɪŋ ðə ˈfriː.dəm/
Part(s) of speech: verb phrase
Word pattern(s): embrace the freedom (of/to do sth)
Definition: Accepting or welcoming the ability to act independently.
Example: "Professionals are embracing the freedom offered by remote work." (They are happily using their independence.)
Synonym: accepting independence
Common mistakes: Using "embrace" literally (to hug) in this context.
work-life balance
/wɜːk laɪf ˈbæl.əns/ (BrE), /wɝːk laɪf ˈbæl.əns/ (AmE)
Part(s) of speech: noun phrase
Word pattern(s): improve/achieve work-life balance
Definition: The amount of time spent working compared to the time spent on other life activities.
Example: "Improved work-life balance." (More time for both work and life.)
Synonym: healthy balance between work and life
Common mistakes: Using "work and life balance".
hybrid arrangements
/ˈhaɪ.brɪd əˈreɪndʒ.mənts/
Part(s) of speech: noun phrase
Word pattern(s): offer/provide hybrid arrangements
Definition: Work setups that combine working in an office with working remotely.
Example: "Firms have continued to offer hybrid arrangements." (Some work in office, some at home.)
Synonym: mixed work setup
Common mistakes: Using "hybrid" as a verb.
self-management
/ˌself ˈmæn.ɪdʒ.mənt/
Part(s) of speech: noun phrase
Word pattern(s): require self-management
Definition: The ability to control and organize your own work and behaviour.
Example: "It also requires discipline and self-management." (You must organize yourself.)
Synonym: self-control
Common mistakes: Spelling as "selfmanagment".
time zone differences
/taɪm zəʊn ˈdɪf.ər.ənsɪz/
Part(s) of speech: noun phrase
Word pattern(s): deal with/navigate time zone differences
Definition: The variation in local times between different places in the world.
Example: "Navigating time zone differences..." (Managing working across different times.)
Synonym: time differences
Common mistakes: Forgetting to adjust meetings.
structured environment
/ˈstrʌk.tʃəd ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/
Part(s) of speech: noun phrase
Word pattern(s): maintain a structured environment
Definition: A place or situation that has organized rules and routines.
Example: "Productivity outside a structured environment..." (No fixed office rules.)
Synonym: organized workplace
Common mistakes: Spelling "environment" incorrectly.
kept pace with
/kept peɪs wɪð/
Part(s) of speech: phrasal verb
Word pattern(s): keep pace with sth
Definition: To move or develop at the same speed as something else.
Example: "Legal frameworks... have not kept pace with these new patterns..." (Laws have not changed fast enough.)
Synonym: keep up with
Common mistakes: Using with "with" twice.
has positioned itself as
/hæz pəˈzɪʃ.ənd ɪtˈself æz/
Part(s) of speech: verb phrase
Word pattern(s): has/have positioned itself/themselves as sth
Definition: Has made itself known or recognized in a particular way.
Example: "Portugal has positioned itself as a hub..." (Portugal has become known for something.)
Synonym: established itself as
Common mistakes: Wrong verb tense.
drawn to the prospect
/drɔːn tə ðə ˈprɒs.pekt/
Part(s) of speech: verb phrase
Word pattern(s): be drawn to the prospect of sth
Definition: Attracted by the possibility of something happening.
Example: "Many nomads are drawn to the prospect of experiencing new cultures." (They want new experiences.)
Synonym: attracted by the idea
Common mistakes: Using "draw" instead of "drawn".
knowledge sharing
/ˈnɒl.ɪdʒ ˈʃeə.rɪŋ/
Part(s) of speech: noun phrase
Word pattern(s): opportunity for knowledge sharing
Definition: The act of exchanging information, skills, or expertise.
Example: "Opportunities for collaboration, knowledge sharing, and social interaction..."
Synonym: exchanging knowledge
Common mistakes: Confusing with "knowledge storing".
offset the sense of isolation
/ˈɒf.set ðə sens əv ˌaɪ.səˈleɪ.ʃən/
Part(s) of speech: verb phrase
Word pattern(s): offset the sense/feeling of isolation
Definition: To make the feeling of being alone less strong.
Example: "Helping to offset the sense of isolation..." (Reducing loneliness.)
Synonym: balance, counteract
Common mistakes: Using "off set" (incorrect spelling).
global citizenship
/ˈɡləʊ.bəl ˈsɪt.ɪ.zən.ʃɪp/
Part(s) of speech: noun phrase
Word pattern(s): sense/feeling of global citizenship
Definition: The idea of belonging to a worldwide community beyond national borders.
Example: "The sense of global citizenship..."
Synonym: world citizenship
Common mistakes: Using "citizen" instead of "citizenship".
drive up the cost of living
/draɪv ʌp ðə kɒst əv ˈlɪv.ɪŋ/
Part(s) of speech: verb phrase
Word pattern(s): drive up the cost/prices
Definition: To make prices or living expenses increase.
Example: "The influx of foreign workers can drive up the cost of living..."
Synonym: increase the price
Common mistakes: Using "drive" alone without "up".
implement regulations
/ˈɪm.plɪ.ment ˌreɡ.jʊˈleɪ.ʃənz/
Part(s) of speech: verb phrase
Word pattern(s): implement new/strict regulations
Definition: To put rules or laws into effect.
Example: "Some local governments are beginning to implement regulations..."
Synonym: enforce rules
Common mistakes: Using "implement" as a noun.
balance the economic benefits
/ˈbæl.əns ðiː ˌiː.kəˈnɒm.ɪk ˈben.ɪ.fɪts/
Part(s) of speech: verb phrase
Word pattern(s): balance the economic benefits and risks
Definition: Find a fair middle point between positive and negative financial effects.
Example: "Seeking to balance the economic benefits..."
Synonym: weigh the pros and cons
Common mistakes: Omitting "the" before "economic benefits".
modern world of work
/ˈmɒd.ən wɜːld əv wɜːk/
Part(s) of speech: noun phrase
Word pattern(s): aspect of the modern world of work
Definition: The current environment and trends in employment and jobs.
Example: "A significant aspect of the modern world of work."
Synonym: current working world
Common mistakes: Missing "of".
balance professional ambition with personal fulfilment
/ˈbæl.əns prəˈfeʃ.ən.əl æmˈbɪʃ.ən wɪð ˈpɜː.sən.əl fʊlˈfɪl.mənt/
Part(s) of speech: verb phrase
Word pattern(s): balance X with Y
Definition: Manage to achieve success in work while also being happy in personal life.
Example: "A desirable way to balance professional ambition with personal fulfilment."
Synonym: combine work goals with happiness
Common mistakes: Forgetting "with" or using "and" instead.
remains a significant aspect
/rɪˈmeɪnz ə sɪɡˈnɪf.ɪ.kənt ˈæs.pekt/
Part(s) of speech: verb phrase
Word pattern(s): remains a significant aspect of sth
Definition: Continues to be an important part.
Example: "Digital nomadism will remain a significant aspect of the modern world..."
Synonym: continues to be important
Common mistakes: Using "remain" as a noun.
rapidly changing world
/ˈræp.ɪd.li ˈtʃeɪn.dʒɪŋ wɜːld/
Part(s) of speech: adverb + verb-ing + noun
Word pattern(s): in a rapidly changing world
Definition: Describes how the environment or society is constantly and quickly transforming.
Example: "In a rapidly changing world." (The world is changing fast.)
Synonym: fast-changing world
Common mistakes: "Rapid changing" (missing -ly).

Practice Exercise 1: Words & Expressions

Choose the best answer for each question. Tap/click “Show Explanation” to read a detailed answer and usage tips.
1. Which word best completes the sentence?
"The sudden __________ of coworking spaces made it much easier for digital nomads to find a place to work."
Answer: A) proliferation
"Proliferation" means a rapid increase in number. The sentence talks about a sudden growth in the number of coworking spaces, which matches "proliferation" perfectly. "Privilege" means a special advantage, which doesn’t fit here. "Balance" means to keep things equal, but it is not about growth in numbers.
2. What does it mean if someone is "drawn to the prospect" of remote work?
Answer: B) They are attracted by the idea.
If you are "drawn to the prospect" of something, you are interested in or excited about the possibility. It does not mean you are forced or dislike it; it's about attraction and interest.
3. Select the best definition for "autonomy":
Answer: B) Freedom to make your own choices
"Autonomy" is the ability to control your own actions and decisions. It is the opposite of being controlled by strict rules or by others. It does not mean hard work.
4. In the context of the passage, what is a "structured environment"?
Answer: A) A place with rules and routines
A "structured environment" means an organized space, often like an office, where things are controlled by rules and routines. It’s not a holiday place or somewhere chaotic.
5. Which phrase means "to make the price of everyday goods higher"?
Answer: A) drive up the cost of living
To "drive up the cost of living" means to make goods and services more expensive. "Keep pace with" means to match speed, and "implement regulations" means to put rules into effect, not about raising prices.
6. What is the meaning of "viable option" in the context of digital nomadism?
Answer: B) An option that is possible and practical
"Viable" means something can be done successfully. A "viable option" is a real, practical choice, not the only one, nor is it negative or dangerous.
7. If a law "has not kept pace with" technology, what does that mean?
Answer: C) The law is slower than technology
"Not kept pace with" means it is not moving as fast; the law lags behind. It does not mean it is faster or keeping up perfectly.
8. To "implement regulations" means to:
Answer: A) Make new rules active or start using them
To "implement regulations" is to put rules into action, not just discuss or ignore them. It means rules are now being used.
9. What is "work-life balance"?
Answer: B) Having a healthy mix of work and personal time
"Work-life balance" is the ability to manage your job and your personal life in a healthy way. It's not just about work or only relaxation; it's about both together.
10. "Offset the sense of isolation" most nearly means:
Answer: A) Make loneliness less strong
To "offset" means to reduce the effect of something. Here, it means making people feel less lonely by providing support or social contact.

Practice Exercise 2: Advanced Words & Phrases

Choose the best answer for each. Tap/click “Show Explanation” to review detailed feedback and avoid common mistakes.
1. If something is described as a "catalyst" for change, what does it do?
Answer: B) Causes or speeds up change
A "catalyst" is something that starts or accelerates a process. It does not slow things down or prevent them, but instead helps a change happen faster, just as the pandemic acted as a catalyst for remote work.
2. What does "streamlined process" mean in the context of visas for digital nomads?
Answer: B) An efficient, simple process
"Streamlined" means something has been made faster and easier to use, with unnecessary steps removed. In the passage, it means visa applications are quicker and less complicated.
3. Which phrase best matches "exacerbate inequalities"?
Answer: A) Make inequalities worse
"Exacerbate" means to intensify or worsen something. If digital nomadism exacerbates inequalities, it increases the difference between groups, rather than reducing or ignoring them.
4. In the phrase "preserve cultural integrity," what does "integrity" mean?
Answer: B) The wholeness and unity of a culture
"Integrity" in this context refers to keeping the culture whole and undamaged. It's not just about honesty; it's about preserving its essential qualities against outside influence or change.
5. Which word best completes this sentence?
"Many people seek __________ by achieving both their career and personal goals."
Answer: A) fulfilment
"Fulfilment" means a sense of happiness and satisfaction, especially from achieving something important. "Overhead" refers to business costs and "framework" to a structure of rules.
6. To "achieve global citizenship" most nearly means:
Answer: A) Belonging to the world community
"Global citizenship" means seeing yourself as part of the whole world, not just your country. It is about connecting with different cultures and caring about global issues.
7. What does it mean to "balance the economic benefits" of remote work?
Answer: B) Consider both advantages and disadvantages
To "balance" means to weigh both sides fairly. Here, it refers to making a decision that takes into account the pros and cons, not just the good points or ignoring them.
8. A "niche lifestyle" is one that:
Answer: B) Is unique to a small group
A "niche lifestyle" is not mainstream or traditional; it appeals to a limited, specific group with special interests, as digital nomadism once did.
9. What is meant by "hybrid arrangements" in the world of work?
Answer: B) Mixing office and remote work
"Hybrid arrangements" refers to a combination, such as spending some days in the office and others working remotely, rather than just one way or holding multiple jobs.
10. The "framework" of a system refers to:
Answer: A) Its main rules and structure
"Framework" means the basic structure that supports something. In systems, it refers to the rules, organization, and ideas that form the base.

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